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A sign displays the types of erectile dysfunction treatment vaccination doses available at buy kamagra canada a Walgreens mobile bus clinic on June 25, 2021 in Los Angeles, California.Mario Tama | Getty ImagesWalgreens Boots Alliance on Thursday exceeded analysts' expectations for fiscal first-quarter earnings and raised its forecast for the year, as customers came to its stores for erectile dysfunction treatment booster shots, at-home test kits and first-time vaccinations for children.Shares rose more than 4% in premarket trading.The drugstore chain raised its forecast for the year, saying it now anticipates adjusted earnings per share to grow the low single-digits instead of being flat.Here's what Walgreens reported compared with what analysts were expecting for the first quarter ended Nov. 30, based on Refinitiv buy kamagra canada data:Earnings per share. $1.68 adjusted buy kamagra canada vs.

$1.33 expectedRevenue buy kamagra canada. $33.90 billion buy kamagra canada vs. $32.74 billion expectedIn the quarter, net income rose to $3.58 billion, or $4.13 per share, from a net loss of $308 million, or 36 cents per share, a year earlier.Excluding items, the company buy kamagra canada earned $1.68 per share, topping the $1.33 expected by analysts surveyed by Refinitiv.Sales rose to $33.90 billion from $31.44 billion a year earlier, and were higher than the $32.74 billion that analysts expected.More booster shots, online salesWalgreens administered 15.6 million erectile dysfunction treatments in the first quarter — bringing its total to more than 56 million to date.

Its pace of vaccinations accelerated buy kamagra canada from the previous quarter, when it gave 13.5 million shots, as adults came for booster shots and kids qualified for first-time shots. erectile dysfunction treatment vaccinations peaked at Walgreens in the third quarter of last buy kamagra canada year, when it administered 17 million shots.So far, the company said it has administered over 9 million booster shots. It gave 6.5 million erectile dysfunction treatment tests buy kamagra canada in the first quarter.kamagra-related items lifted its retail sales, too, as shoppers bought at-home erectile dysfunction treatment tests along with cough, cold and flu medications and beauty items.

Retail same-store sales, an industry metric that tracks sales online and at buy kamagra canada stores open at least a year, rose 10.6% compared with the year-ago period — the largest jump in more than 20 years.In the pharmacy department, same-store sales increased 6.8% versus the year-ago period — with much of that coming from erectile dysfunction treatments.Digital sales in the U.S. Surged by 88% in the first quarter, as customers placed 3.6 million same-day pickup orders buy kamagra canada in the three-month period. Those sales tend to be larger, with an average value buy kamagra canada of $30 online versus $20 at stores, CEO Roz Brewer said on the earnings call.At its Boots business the United Kingdom, retail sales online and at stores open at least a year grew by 16.3% compared with the year-ago quarter.

Digital sales at Boots in the first quarter nearly doubled versus the same quarter before the kamagra — but foot traffic fell short of pre-kamagra levels, the company said.Flu shots gained popularity versus a year ago, as Boots administered 2 million flu treatments in the first quarter — a 150% increase compared with the year-ago period.Walgreens has looked buy kamagra canada to health-care services to drive long-term growth. It's opening doctor offices with primary-care company VillageMD, buy kamagra canada called Village Medical, at its some of its stores. It is turning a portion of some locations into a Walgreens Health Corner, an area that's staffed by nurses and pharmacists who can consult with patients on chronic conditions or other medical needs.So far, the company said it has opened 81 Village Medical buy kamagra canada locations and 47 Walgreens Health Corners.

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How to use kamagra

Welcome to the http://buglooper.com/generic-kamagra-cost/ first issue of 2022! how to use kamagra. We have several exciting changes to announce in the new year. To begin with, how to use kamagra we have been increasing our number of published submissions per issue, including some of our content exclusively online (the most common way that our readers access the journal). In addition, we have put out additional calls for submissions and look forward to receiving new work.We have spent the last 4 years working towards social justice, accessibility, global …IntroductionThe subject of care is gaining importance within the medical humanities, but it also remains elusive.

Hence, this paper aims to unpack theoretical notions of care in a way that integrates the elusiveness rather than trying to avoid it. It also responds to a recent article by Julia Kristeva et al, in which they claim that care how to use kamagra holds humanity (Kristeva et al. 2018).When in need of theoretical elaboration or re-development, medical humanities scholars have sometimes evoked Greek or Roman myths, such as those of Narcissus, Hephaestus or Leto (Cilione, Marinozzi, and Gazzaniga 2019. Pannese 2011.

Schott 2017) how to use kamagra. Similarly, this article evokes the Roman myth of Cura to unpack theoretical understandings of care. In this myth, known from the writings of the first century mythographer Hyginus, humanity is created from clay by a personification of care. It has proven useful to thinkers as diverse as Martin Heidegger, Arthur Kleinman (Kleinman and van der Geest 2009) and Julia how to use kamagra Kristeva (Kristeva (2012), Kristeva et al.

2018). While utilisation by Heidegger 1927, 196–200 ‘challenges the myth of self-sufficiency and individual atomization that that has shaped much of modern Western philosophy’ (Froese 2005, 16), both Kleinman and Kristeva explore the tension between universalised knowledge and the singularity of individual patients and intimate care (Engebretsen, how to use kamagra Fraas Henrichsen, and Ødemark 2020).While none of these scholars engage with Hyginus’ Fabulae directly, I use the text as an ‘engine’ in a four-step endeavour. This endeavour follows Brandy Schillace’s description of the medical humanities as ‘a field that at its core considers the human story behind and within medicine, its history, its cultural valence and its influence on practice’ Schillace (2017, 139).First, a ‘human story’ entails agency, the things that humans do in their lives. While the ‘appeal’ from Kristeva et al uses a case from intercultural psychoanalysis, the authors have previously researched a variety of professional healthcare practices (Engebretsen 2016.

Engebretsen, Sandset, how to use kamagra and Ødemark 2017. Hetrick et al. 2017). However, it is crucial how to use kamagra to note that Cura (in Hyginus’ text) will ‘hold’ humanity quamdiu vixerit (for as long as he shall live).

Such a life-long temporality does not dovetail with the temporary, regulated and systematised relations of healthcare organisations. Hyginus’ text has, I argue, a much stronger affinity to the temporality of parental care. Hence, I begin the endeavour by acknowledging that I am a scholar, and the father of a boy with little linguistic function.1 Although my parental care for my son entails a multitude of how to use kamagra meanings and instances, I begin with two tales from my parental care in 2020:Sometimes, if he does not understand what is going on, or if his actions feel unintelligible to others who are present, I take him in my arms. In that way, we are at least together in a situation when both of us otherwise would have been on our own.

Suddenly, it feels as if I am not only holding or how to use kamagra embracing him away from an abyss. I am also holding him—or, perhaps, shielding him—in the face of many, many abysses to come.In rough-and-tumble play, I often lift him up with my arms straight—holding him while he straightens his body, and ‘is an airplane’. Although this play is exhausting, particularly since I live with cerebral palsy, this is nevertheless an activity where we can be close to one another. When I hold him up like this, or suddenly ‘crash’ him safely down next to me on the bed, we are skin to skin, but not exactly like I used to be with how to use kamagra his older siblings, and I suddenly have the impression that it also differs from how most fathers do this with their children.

I cannot know if our way is exclusively ours, but while I hold him, that is how it feels.Second, a human story ‘behind and within medicine’—or, for that matter, behind and within any social field—consists of underlying notions and involved cultural categories. Hence, this article aims to unpack theoretical notions of care with reference to the thinkers mentioned above. Throughout, I try to unpack how different aspects of care ‘follow’ each other in an analytical ‘path’ or trajectory, as if in a story how to use kamagra (Kristeva et al. 2018).Third, the investigation of the human story of care must become an investigation of ‘history’ and ‘cultural valence’.

In order to think historically, the analytical ‘engine’ includes Hyginus’ text, and 18th and 19th century uses of Cura and related motifs.Fourth, I follow Schillace’s advice to examine ‘influence on practice’. In addition to how to use kamagra the practice of parental care, the exploration ends with a discussion of medical humanities as practice. When medical humanities scholars ’consider’ the human story of care, they bring together different perspectives and forms of knowledge. In this case, how to use kamagra however both the intertextual analyses and the autotheoretical work indicate that those complexities might overpower our theoretical perspectives.

Hence, I conclude with a call for epistemological and analytical modesty.MethodAlthough the abovementioned scholars have used the myth of Cura for clearly theoretical purposes, several of them explore this also as carers in a personal sense. Julia Kristeva writes her work on care as the mother of a man with severe disabilities Kristeva (2013, 219–221), Arthur Kleinman and Geest (2009, 159–163) begin their rethinking with a rich narrative of his caring for his wife who lives with Alzheimer’s disease. In line with their work, this article combines textual interpretation with autotheoretical work.Often used in connection with genre-bending memoir The Argonauts by Maggie Nelson (2015), the term ‘autotheory’ designates a literary form involving ‘the combination how to use kamagra of autobiography and critical theory’ (Pearl 2018, 200). In this article, however, I rely on the work of the Canadian artist, curator, writer and interdisciplinary researcher Fournier (2019), who has unpacked autotheory with particular reference to illness and embodiment.

Fournier describes autotheory as a specific form of academic practice:In autotheory as a conceptual and performative feminist practice, artists, writers, and critics use the first person, or related practices of self-imaging (Jones, Self/Image 134), to process, perform, enact, iterate, and wrestle with the hegemonic discourses of ‘theory’ and philosophy, extending the feminist practice of theorizing from one’s subject positioning as a way of engendering insights into questions related to aesthetics, politics, ethics, and social and cultural theory. In autotheory, one’s embodied experiences become the material through which one how to use kamagra theorizes, and, in a similar way, theory becomes the discourse through which one’s lived experience is refracted (658).In Fournier’s definition, theory functions as ‘hegemonic discourses’, and as discourses through which one’s lived experience is refracted. Contrary to this emphasis on language—as well as their emphasis on language elsewhere (Heidegger 1927Heidegger 1937. Kleinman 1995.

Kristeva 2019)—neither how to use kamagra Kristeva nor Kleinman or Heidegger focus on Hyginus’ text. In contrast to this body of research, this article emphasizes the interpretative potential of the original text. In addition to grammatical analysis, I how to use kamagra utilize the well-known concept of intertextuality, as introduced by Kristeva (1980). However, I use it in a less structuralist sense than in her early formulations in Desire in Language.

Instead, I approach Hyginus’ text in line with her approach in ‘Nos Deux’ or a short (hi)story of intertextuality (Kristeva 2002).For me, intertextuality is mostly a way of making history go down in us. We, two texts, two destinies, two psyches how to use kamagra. It is a way if introducing history to structuralism and its orphan, lonely texts and readings. […] the etymological meaning of ‘semeion’ is a distinctive mark, a trace, an engraved or written sign, that makes us think of the Freudian ‘psychical’ marks, called drives, rhythmical articulations of embodied impulses and psychical movements.

In this how to use kamagra sense, the meaning of the socio-historical aspect of intertextuality, as already developed by Bakhtin and Barthes, acquires a new significance. Within each sociolect or ideology, (both well-established sign-systems) there will always be a breach of subjectivity carrying out a hidden matrix of pre-symbolic forces able to make history move on through all its short and singular stories. (2002. 8-9)First, this means that I study Hyginus’ text not as a ‘lonely text’, but as part of a how to use kamagra historical trajectory.

The ‘singular stories’ are used to disturb the orderly (structural) notions of both textual and philosophical analysis.Second, I interpret Hyginus’ text—as well as other utilisations of the myth—with focus on traces. Or, more specifically, to find ‘distinctive marks’ relevant to the how to use kamagra same material as in authotheretical work. €˜embodied impulses and psychical movements’. This, however, does not mean that the texts are reduced to a canvas for an engraved sign.

In methodological term, the how to use kamagra aim is to allow the two destinies—the textual trajectory of the Cura motif, and the personal trajectory that becomes so intimate when I hold my son in my arms—to shed light on one another.Third, the interaction between these two methodological approaches will hopefully allow history—what Schillace calls the ‘human story’—to move in two diachronic ways. I aim to emphasise the differences between the different utilisations of the myth. Finally, I also aim to locate breaches in the ‘well-established sign systems’ we call theories of care, to get a glimpse of something yet hidden.Humanity as creation, care as fundamental conditionIn a narrative sense, Hyginus tells three stories. A story of the creation of humanity followed how to use kamagra by a story of a quarrel between deities and finally, a verdict on the ontological role of care in human life.

The first story in Hyginus’ fable begins thus:Cura cum quendam fluvium transiret, vidit cretosum lutum. Sustulit cogitabunda et coepit fingere hominem.When Cura was crossing a certain river, she saw some clayey mud. She took it up thoughtfully and began to fashion a man.Before interpreting this first story, we must how to use kamagra first acknowledge that the fable is an alteration or addition in a philological sense. While Fabulae is almost exclusively filled with Greek myths, the Cura fable’s position at the end of the collection suggests, ‘that this particularly Roman tale was simply added to the end of the existing narrative portion’ (Smith and Trzaskoma 2007, xlix).

Moreover, philological research consistently argues that fable CCXX ‘hinges on Latin wordplay’ (Smith and Trzaskoma 2007, xlviii).More specifically, Hyginus, in the Cura fable, alters a prevailing myth in how to use kamagra late antiquity, one that he has even told earlier in the pages of Fabulae. That of how the titan Prometheus fashioned man from clay. In fable CXLII (‘Pandora’), Hyginus states explicitly that Prometheus lapeti filius primus homines ex luto finxit (Prometheus, son of Iapetus, first fashioned men from clay).Most Greek and Roman sources place the Prometheus plasticator motif within a three-stage narrative. First, Prometheus shapes the human from clay, and how to use kamagra then Athena gives the creature inner life.

Finally, sometimes after Prometheus has given humankind fire against the orders of Jove, Jove intervenes and sentences Prometheus to eternal punishment in the Caucasus.To understand the human story—to which both this motif and Hyginus’ text belong—comparison is needed. First, we must note that the neutral or slightly idyllic depictions in Hyginus and Ovid (respectively) differ from earlier and less optimistic renderings in Republican times. The poet Propertius, for instance, in his Libri Elegiarum from the first-century BC, laments and elaborates on how Prometheus was careless in his creating how to use kamagra. Here, the adverbial clause ille parum caute casts Prometheus as a figure of titanic heedlessness:ille parum caute pectoris egit opus.corpora disponens mentem non vidit in arto:The making of man’s reason he performed with too little care.Arranging our bodies, he overlooked the mind in his handiwork (Goold 1990, 232).Carelessness, the counterpart to the notion of care, is involved in the Prometheus plasticator motif throughout antiquity.

The adverbial clause ille parum caute does not derive from the same verb as Cura, but rather from the verb caveo (to take precautions, to be aware of something). Nevertheless, Prometheus’ lack of care underlines how Hyginus’ how to use kamagra text is an inversion these earlier texts. Instead of being created in a careless way, humanity is created by care.To be fair, a singular text never exhausts the potential of the history to which it belongs. Specific understandings—in this how to use kamagra case.

Theoretical notions of care—are only a part of a wide array of potentials. The Prometheus Plasticator motif foreshadows 20th and 21st century theories of care, and 18th and 19th century depictions of Prometheus as a figure of romantic transgression. In Goethe’s poem Promethevs (written 1774, published 1789), Prometheus becomes a figure of independence and how to use kamagra defiance—as expressed, for instance, in the final stanza:Hier sitz' ich, forme Menschen / Nach meinem Bilde, / Ein Geschlecht, das mir gleich sei, / Zu leiden, zu weinen, / Zu genießen und zu freuen sich, / Und dein nicht zu achten, / Wie ich!. (Goethe 1998, 44–46)Here sit I, forming mortals /In my image.

/ A race resembling me, / To suffer, to weep, / To enjoy, to be glad, / And thee to scorn, /As I!. (Bowring 2015, 182)Typical of Goethe’s Sturm und Drang period, his Prometheus Plasticator is a figure of creativity, and how to use kamagra embodies ‘ideals of freedom and rebellion’ (Raggio 1958, 44). Goethe’s poem emphasised the ‘autonomous existence’ of mankind (Dougherty 2006, 95), thereby constituting an ‘emancipatory gesture’ (Edgar 2002, 161). Hyginus’ text inverts both classical and romantic evokings of the myth by inserting dependency rather than autonomy and expansion.

To shed further light on this inversion, we must first unpack the name of the personification that Hyginus how to use kamagra instals in the Prometheus Plasticator motif. Cura.The name Cura is derived from the verb curo. The Oxford Latin Dictionary defines the verb thus:To watch over, look after, care for.To tend to, to do what is necessary to.To administer remedies, to treat (a sick person, wound, disease, etc).To have charge of. (absol.) to be how to use kamagra in command.To devote oneself to, to cultivate (a person).To undertake, to see to (a task or a responsibility).To regard with anxiety or interest, worry or care about, heed.As we can see, the first three senses of this verb invert the Prometheus motif we found in Propertius.

To instal the personification of curo in the motif is to instal carefulness, attentiveness and responsibility in a motif usually filled with lack of care. The third how to use kamagra sense also injects an aspect that is totally absent in classical anthropogenies. That of human frailty. It also relates to aspects of human lives that are particularly relevant to understanding care, illness, disease and disability.The fifth and sixth senses of the word similarly invert the romantic depictions of Prometheus motif.

The anthropogenic act is no longer about rebellion and expansion, but devotion and how to use kamagra responsibility. The seventh sense finally reverses the political impulse of the Sturm und Drang—the desire for increased individual freedom and self-expansion in every imaginable way—into worrying and heeding.In addition to these intertextual relations, it is also fruitful to note the verbs that connect humanity to the three deities. While Cura’s creating is described with the verb fingo (in Hyginus. €˜fingere’), Jove’s and Tellus’ how to use kamagra acts of giving are described by do (in Hyginus.

€˜dedisti’). While the former verb is a very tactile verb, a matter of touch and contact, do signifies separation—to deliver or give something, to separate it from something in order to unite it with something else. An initial understanding how to use kamagra of care emerges from these textual relations. Care is fundamental (by belonging to the anthropogony), antithetical (by being the antithesis of carelessness and neglect) and intimate (by establishing relation through touch).Care imaginationsWhen modern scholars use Hyginus’ text, one word of the first sentence is often overlooked.

Cogitabunda (thoughtful) how to use kamagra. Although an adjective in the purely grammatical sense, this is the only word with an adverbial function in Hyginus’ text. Hence, it is the lone term specifying how actions and interactions take place. While Greco-Roman deities often act from rage (as in the conflict between the titans and Olympian deities) or desire (as in the story of Zeus and Leda), Cura acts thoughtfully or with thought.As we can see, the adverb cogitabunda is attached to the picking up of the clay, not primarily to the act how to use kamagra of creation.

Sustulit cogitabunda et coepit fingere hominem. Moreover, the temporal clause ‘and begun to’ (et coepit) also locates this thought as prior to the creation of humanity. To understand care as thoughtful, then, is about understanding thoughts and imaginaries ‘involved’ in care, and it includes thoughts and imaginaries that ‘pre-exist’, ‘frame’ or ‘underpin’ care and care work.It is useful to how to use kamagra explore how the meaning of cogitabunda is preserved and unveiled in the work of the German philosopher, poet and literary critic Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803). In his poem ‘Das Kind der Sorge’ (1787), Herder follows Hyginus very closely (Bernays 1869, 158-163).

This poem was widely read, and it provided the basis for Goethe’s use of the Cura motif in Faust II (1832). Finally, Heidegger also comments on the poem and cites it in extenso when he develops his notion of Sorge as the fundamental human condition (Dye 2009, 207–218)., Kristeva (2001), too, refers several times to Herder, and even refers directly to this poem how to use kamagra (25–26). The first stanza describes the moment of creation thus:Einst saß am murmelnden StromeDie Sorge nieder und sann:Da bildet im Traum der GedankenIhr Finger ein leimernes Bild (von Herder 1889, 75).Once by a murmuring riverSorrow sat down, and there,In a vision, thought to form with the touchA wavering figure (Groth 2016, 31).von Herder positions the moment of creation as a radically imaginative act in at least three ways. First, the gaze is far more how to use kamagra manifest in von Herder’s text than in Hyginus’.

While Hyginus’ Cura shapes a human (hominen) directly, von Herder’s ‘Sorge’ shapes an image (Bild). This dovetails well with important insights from care research. In relations of care, the cared-for becomes visible to the how to use kamagra carer(s), thereby also becoming a valued imago. Conversely, the carer(s) become visible in the imagination of the cared-for—even in a Western culture that often obscures or silences interpersonal interdependence.Second, cogitabunda in Hyginus is also intertextually connected von Herder’s adverbial clause im Traum der Gedanken.

This phrase, roughly translatable as ‘in the dream of thoughts’, roots humanity in a singular image (or dream) that consist of or belong to several different thoughts or ways of thinking. This tension between individuality and multitude dovetails with research on the knowledge complexities involved in care.Third, the word ‘Traum’ (dream) in Traum der Gedanken does not denote unreality, fantasy or illusion how to use kamagra. For von Herder, dreams are not the opposite of reality, but thoughts beyond or above manifest reality (Wirklichkeit überhöhenden Gedankens). A dream of thoughts, then, is an experience or interpretation wherein the understanding of a phenomenon moves beyond how the phenomenon presently is, to what it should or could be.

Just as Hyginus’ cogitabunda can, if we interpret in intertextual connection with von Herder’s Traum der Gedanken, also refract my experiences of holding my son in my how to use kamagra arms. This is true of the experiences of performing actions that seem strange or unintelligible to those around us, but particularly true of the feeling of doing this in a way that is uniquely ours. The combination of these feelings—where the socially estranged ways of caring is fundamentally ours and integral to my parenting—engenders or entails how to use kamagra a striving ‘upwards’. This striving is not limited to the idealisation that so often takes place in parenting, but is also a utopian, imaginative glimpse of a world wherein the both of us truly belong.In other words, the Cura motif foreshadows the ‘horizontal’ complexities involved in care (multiple cultural imaginaries, multiple forms of knowledge).

It also foreshadows ‘vertical’ complexities, through which care imaginations include both underlying categories and überhöhende dimensions. These overarching or utopical dimensions, that both stem from and go beyond the localised, singular imaginations of care, is known by many names in and how to use kamagra beyond the medical humanities. Examples include ’underlying values’, ‘ethical content of particular practices’, ‘transformative learning’ and many others (Ayala 2019, 269. Pettersen 2008, 188.

Winthrop 2003).Cogitabunda, can mean to be thoughtful and to how to use kamagra be ‘full of thoughts’. The adverbial clause im Traum der Gedanken by von Herder (1888, 533), similarly, also signifies something unclear or disorganised. In his poetotological treatise Über Bild, Dictung und Fabel (1888, 533), von Herder juxtaposes this state with being in Leidenschaft (in passion), in Verrückung (in madness) or nicht auf seiner Hut (off guard). There is complexity and how to use kamagra openness—perhaps even fantasy or at least exploration—in this.

When I hold my son in my arms connecting different realms of thought. As in ruff-and-tumble-play, these realms are also at how to use kamagra play as I think.The quarrel of the deities. Culture, nature and careAfter the first narrative, the second deals with a quarrel between the deities Cura, Jove and Tellus. Once humanity has been given inner life, the focus in Hyginus’ texts shifts from creating to name-giving:Cum vellet Cura nomen suum imponere, Iovis prohibuit suumque nomen ei dandum esse dixit.

Dum de nomine Cura et lovis disceptarent, surrexit et Tellus suumque nomen ei imponi debere dicebat, quandoquidem corpus suum praebuisset.When Cura wanted to give it her name, Jove forbade, and said that his name should how to use kamagra be given it. But while they were disputing about the name, Tellus arose and said that it should have her name, since she had given her own body.To name something after something else (and, perhaps particularly, after someone else) places the object within a certain taxonomy. Major deities such as Jove and Tellus are both rulers and personifications of different ontological realms or ‘elements’. Hyginus’ Cura is how to use kamagra not known from other Roman sources.

Instead, Cura is a ‘deification of abstract ideas’, a common feature of Roman culture (Axtell 1907). Hence, it becomes clear that the quarrel deals with ontological ideas, more specifically with the ontology of humanity. Each deity proposes a ‘location’ in how to use kamagra classical ontology.The philosopher John T. Hamilton has used the myth of Cura to explore how any understanding of security presupposes both care and carefulness.

He underlines how this ‘locating’ somehow names humanity how to use kamagra after something that is neither identical nor particularly resembling humanity:The controversy over the creature’s name strives to resolve the issue of the figure’s proper being, without the aid of physical resemblance, without the talent for self-reflection. In my view, the debate over the name revolves on whether humanity is essentially atemporal (Telluric matter or Iovian spirit) or instead fundamentally temporal and constituted by time and history (Hamilton 2013, 71).It is worth noting that the deities are not offering or suggesting certain framings of human life. Hyginus’ text—in particular, the fact that Jove forbade any name other than his own—indicates conflicts between perspectives and disciplines. The imaginative richness involved in care, indicated by Hyginus cogitabunda or by the plural in von Herder’s Traum der Gedanken, is how to use kamagra a plurality where incommensurabilities remain.

In my view, the myth of Cura points towards three possible but incommensurable ways of studying, describing and interpreting care (corresponding to Jove, Tellus and Cura, respectively):As a cultural or semantic phenomenon, elucidated in terms of meaning or more or less idealised notions.As a biological phenomenon, elucidated in medical, psychological or other health-related terms.As a relational phenomenon, elucidated in terms of care work (professional or not).Although it is necessary to understand care in all these ways, it is nevertheless impossible to fully merge them or produce those understandings simultaneously. Hence, it is necessary to add a more epistemologically oriented aspect of care. Care is fundamentally how to use kamagra imaginative and context-dependent, and stands in-between otherwise incommensurable interpretative domains.Saturn’s verdict. The continuous presence of careIn the third narrative in Hyginus, the quarrel is somehow resolved when the deities choose Saturn as their judge.

Sadly, this part of the text is fragmented. There is agreement, however, that Saturn’s verdict clarifies that Jove will receive human souls, while Tellus will receive how to use kamagra the body post mortem:Tu Iovis quoniam spiritum dedisti, <…>. Corpus recipito. Cura quoniam prima eum finxit, quamdiu vixerit, cura how to use kamagra eum possideat.

Sed quoniam de nomine eius controversia est, homo vocetur quoniam ex humo videtur esse factusJove, since you gave him spirit, let [Tellus] receive his body. Since Cura fashioned him from the start, let Cura possess him for as long as he lives. But since there is controversy about his name, let him be called homo, since he seems to be made from humus.Let us begin by pointing out that Saturn’s verdict exposes yet how to use kamagra another way in which Hyginus’ text alters the Prometheus plasticator motif. In most classical renderings, Prometheus is a trickster, and a transgressor from whom humanity is eventually separated.

After discovering his transgressions, the Olympian deities chain Prometheus to a mountain in the Caucasus, and humanity lives on without him. The relation between humanity how to use kamagra and its creator is therefore temporary. Hyginus, in contrast, makes it clear that humanity will remain under the guardianship of Cura quamdiu vixerit ‘for as long as he shall live’.The significance of this difference becomes clearer if we compare Hyginus’ text to Ovid’s use of the Prometheus plasticator motif in Metamorphoses. After describing the original moment when Prometheus created Humanity, Ovid goes on to describe the human condition:quam satus Iapeto mixtam pluvialibus undis / finxit in effigiem moderantum cuncta deorum, / pronaque cum spectent animalia cetera terram, / os homini sublime dedit caelumque videre(Ovid 1997, 47)so that his new creation, upright man, / was made in image of commanding gods?.

/ On earth the brute creation bends its gaze, / but man was given a lofty countenance / and was commanded to behold the skies how to use kamagra. / and with an upright face may view the stars (Melville and Kenney 2009, 76).As we can see, Ovid’s Prometheus creates a strong and vital human being. Humanity seems not dependent on care or assistance, but ‘made in image of commanding gods’. In Ovid, human life is essentially an independent how to use kamagra life which resembles the lives of gods (in effigiem moderantum cuncta deorum).

It is common—and tempting—to imagine care relations as exceptions in human lives. In care how to use kamagra research, for instance, one often reserves care needs for vulnerable groups, thereby contrasting them with some kind of original, non-vulnerable state. In life-course research, similarly, care leaves life as people move into adolescence and adulthood, only to re-enter it in the special cases of disability, serious illness or old age. Hyginus’ text, in contrast, opens up for a rethinking of care as a fundamental, continuous part of human lives.This is essentially an ontological argument.

Although we how to use kamagra often reserve the term for human beings who have unusual needs—for instance, children or people with disabilities—care is, in fact, much more pervasive.Noting the etymology of the verb curo—denoting what we call caring and worrying—Hyginus’ text also points towards an understanding of care as protection. The notion of care becomes meaningful in and of itself, and in relation to its counterparts, such as conflict, violence and neglect. If the so-called ‘normal’ human life—in Ovid’s words. Lives lived ‘in the image of commanding gods’—is met by a radical lack of care, it would have little how to use kamagra freedom and in fact be over in a matter of days.Hyginus’ text points towards an understanding wherein care reigns, organises or facilitates human lives.

Cura somehow ‘holds’ humanity in this life, indicating that Jove’s and Tellus’ receiving somehow lies outside that life (after death). For the medical humanities, this understanding of care suggests ways to think about both medical and cultural knowledge as forms of afterlife. Biological knowledge, for instance, is a form of knowledge that has been aggregated outside and beyond individual lives how to use kamagra. Through clinical generalisations, anatomical knowledge, systematic literature reviews and more.

Cultural knowledge, conversely, is deeply historical and contextual—thereby inevitably also how to use kamagra a testament to how both historical and contextual relations stretch far beyond individual lives.These ambiguities lead to a further understanding of care. Care is not only a fundamental precondition—whose impact depends on context and interpretation—care is indeed a fundamental and omnipresent condition, that continuously engenders and relies on interpretative processes.Care as holding-togetherWhen I hold my son I ruff-and-tumble play, I am also holding together forms of knowledge. I connect many different forms of knowledge—my intimate experiences with him, my research experience from disability studies, the bits of knowledge I have received from medical and educational professionals and many others—with one another. Moreover, the knowledge I produce—from the actual holding, from being skin to skin and from sensing if how to use kamagra he cannot understand others—is used in knowledge translation.

I use it to stretch the understandings of medical professionals beyond uncertain prognoses. I also use it to connect the knowledge of the preschool teachers—a knowledge which mainly deals with so-called ordinary children—with the lives of extraordinary children such as my son.In Hyginus’ text, too, Cura holds together what otherwise would have been separate. Had it not been for Cura’s holding, and Saturn’s verdict, humanity would have belonged to either how to use kamagra Jove or Tellus. A recent ‘appeal to the medical humanities’ uses the potential of this narrative.

In it, Kristeva et al. (2018) use the myth of Cura to explore how humanity ‘belongs to different how to use kamagra ontological domains’ held together by care:Saturn, the God of time, settles the matter through an act of naming and by dividing and temporalising the possession of the various parts that comprise man. Jove is offered man’s soul and Tellus his body, after man’s death, while Cura will possess the creation in its lifetime since she made it. […] Thus, human life as a composite assembly how to use kamagra of spiritual (Jove) and material elements (Tellus) is held together by Cura’s temporal care (55).In their unpacking, Cura’s holding of humanity becomes a holding-together of two forms of knowledge.

Biomedical knowledge of bios and sociocultural knowledge of zoe. Faced with situations of care—situations that neither biomedical science nor cultural studies of health can understand sufficiently—the understanding of care becomes a point of intersection between otherwise separate landscapes.This holding-together is visible in a variety of care practices. In the case of evidence-based care, for instance, temporal doing at a certain point in time and history (professional work) holds together atemporal knowledge of effects how to use kamagra (evidence) and atemporal norms (professional ethics). The temporal care work may seem like a mere ‘application’ of these atemporal knowledges.

However, recent studies argue that both evidence and norms exist as such if and only if they are interwoven with embodied practices. While ‘evidence in clinical decision making is relentlessly situated and how to use kamagra contextual’ (Wieringa et al. 2017, 964), so can the normative aspects only be sufficiently understood as ‘embodied process’, located at ‘the action level’ (Doane and Varcoe 2008).Jove, Tellus and Cura personify ontological orders (ways of being), and epistemological orders (ways of knowing). If we then revisit the epistemological aspect of care, a further understanding emerges.

Care is a relational matter—in the lived lives of care receivers, as well as in the work of care professionals—and it is crucial in holding together different social agents and different knowledge domains.Care as withholdingWhen I ‘play airplane’ with my son—or hold him close to me in situations where how to use kamagra others do not understand him or vice versa—one might say that I know what I am doing. On the other hand, this holding challenges several parts of my knowledge of this world. It challenges my images of what it is to be a father, since the play differs from how most fathers do how to use kamagra this with their children. More importantly, perhaps, the knowledge produced when I hold my son in my arms in the face of many, many abysses to come differs from much of my academic and medical knowledge, including that which is inherent in his diagnoses and prognoses.This withholding might seem, contrary to the straightforward clarity of Hyginus’ text.

However, a more detailed examination can refract these interpretations. It is particularly worth noting that the relation between Cura and the human being—that is, the fundamental ontological condition in this how to use kamagra life—is described with a specific verbal clause with the verb possideo. Cura eum possideat (Cura shall hold him).The Oxford Latin Dictionary defines possideo thusly:To have (land) in one’s control, occupy (as a tenant, etc). (absol.) to hold land.(in general) to hold as property, b.

To take (property) into one’s keeping, appropriate.(of a sovereign, army, etc) to have control of (a country, position, etc) […] to assume or exercise control over (persons).To take or have in how to use kamagra its power, dominate, overwhelm, possess.To fill or take up (a space) with one’s bulk.To take up wholly (a person’s time). To absorb the thoughts and energies of someone.Possideo denotes not a general sense of holding, or a more general sense of contact or connection, but an exclusive holding—similar to the English verb to possess. Cura, then, is not only holding a humanity that belongs to both Jove and Tellus, but she is also withholding this humanity from them. This becomes even clearer if we emphasise that possideo how to use kamagra is a transitive verb.

At least to some extent, the clauses quamdiu vixerit, Cura eum possideat entail a micro-narrative. Although ‘created from,’ or consisting of biological matter, and how to use kamagra being characterised by the presence of ‘soul’ or some measure of cognition, humanity is fundamentally ‘controlled’ by care in this life. The separating into meaning (spirit) and biology (bodily remains) takes place outside this life. Cura’s holding, then, allows us to understand the holding-together of medicine and culture, and a withholding from both these domains.The ‘hermeneutic story’ (Kristeva 2002, 10) of Hyginus’ possideat—wherein care holds humanity at the expense of both culture and biomedicine—contradicts epistemological optimism.

Hyginus text allows us to glimpse intimate care knowledge that connects cultural and biomedical knowledge, and that holds human life away from how to use kamagra generalised knowledge. When Cura withholds humanity from generalised cultural knowledge (Jove) and generalised biochemical knowledge (Tellus) and care produces knowing—often described as insight, sharing and holding-together—and un-knowing.These difficulties indicate the need for an additional understanding of care. Care must be understood as a practice that holds together multiple parties and multiple forms of knowledge. However, it how to use kamagra must also be understood as a practice—or if you will.

A form of human relation—that withholds something from knowledge.I shall hold him for as long as I shall liveThe ‘human story’ of care relations (eum possideat) will necessarily entail a human story of singular actions that to some extent can only be described in first-person singular. Eum possideam (I shall hold him). To explore this individual how to use kamagra eum possideam, I try to ‘theorise from my subject position’ (Fournier 2019, 658). When activating my own intimate experiences, it became clear that interpretations of my eum possideam quamdiu vixerit can refract—or even fracture—theoretical notions of care.To connect intimate experiences of holding—be it in bodily care, in adverse social situations or in rough-and-tumble play—with cultural and political theory is clearly a daunting task.

Although this still how to use kamagra seems unclear to me, I can at least outline four aspects of the refraction. First, I do hold together cultural and biomedical knowledge. When my son is in my arms, multiple cultural imaginaries are involved. My understanding of his life (and of mine) is dependent on my language and my cultural frames, and how to use kamagra I am consistently aware of a clinical gaze.

My son’s life—and, thereby, also my own life and my care work—are viewed or observed by medical professionals, psychologists, special needs educators and preschool teachers.Second, the holding is troublesome. In a narrower sense, I note that his needs lead me to hold and even carry him in ways that most parents only do with substantially younger children. Combined with my own embodied condition, there emerges how to use kamagra a bodily trouble, an element of exhaustion, uncertain walking and muscular pain. Regarding my cultural knowledge, it becomes clear that my own imaginaries entail expectations and understandings that somehow seem incompatible with his life.

In this social context—parenting in Norway, located in middle-class families—childhood is simultaneously about ‘findings one’s own voice’ (autonomy) and about ‘following the path’ (social reproduction). To claim that autonomy outside language is possible, or that a person in his situation may reproduce his parents, seems equally futile.Regarding biomedical knowledge, I take care of my 4-year-old (as I do all three of my children) within how to use kamagra a biomedical framework. Most Norwegian children are screened regularly for somatic problems, and to measure linguistic, cognitive and psychosocial development. While this knowledge has thus far granted me a certain comfort in parenting my two oldest children—confirming, as it were, that all is well—that has, obviously, not been the case with how to use kamagra my youngest son.

Hence, his life is also framed by medical knowledge in a more direct way. He receives a range of health-related services, a provision that also positions my parental care within the same frame.Third, there is an uncertain future involved in this. This is how to use kamagra of course always true of any intersubjective relation in general and of care relations in particular. The future is open, and it can entail painful events.

However, his situation exposes uncertainty in a more radical way. Culturally, it exposes how I see my other children—as having quite stable chances for social how to use kamagra reproduction—partly thanks to how I see him. Through a fatherly lens of rather unclear hopes and worries. Medically, the tests of my youngest son continuously yield inconclusive results.

This has replaced my former sense of parental comfort with how to use kamagra gnawing anxiety over his future. Moreover, the complexities of his living leaves me, as a caregiver, with the unpredictability of his diagnostic results, rather than with stable prognoses.Fourth, these intimate situations entail a particular life-course temporality, which differs from the temporality of professional care, as well from the temporality in Hyginus’ text. In the case of professional careers, their work is regulated to certain hours (of paid work), and to certain phases of life. Most professional carers will retire, and many how to use kamagra will pursue other forms of work at some point in time.

In Cura’s case, her care work is also time limited. The temporality of the deity’s existence is sufficient to encompass how to use kamagra the temporality of humanity. In both cases, the life course temporality of the carer is sufficient for the imagined care work.In my parental care work, however, the temporality is insufficient rather than sufficient. In all likelihood, I will somehow care for my son for as long as I am alive.

Moreover, this how to use kamagra lifelong work will likely be insufficient in at least two ways related to the temporality of my life. My own ageing will likely reduce my ability to perform the care work, and I will likely die before my son, leaving him without parental care. Hence, the temporality of my care cannot be formulated as eum possideam quamdiu vixerit (I shall hold him for as long as he shall live), but as eum possideam quamdiu vixero (I shall hold him for as long as I shall live).This rudimentary autotheoretical investigation brings to light three forms of withholding. First, the nature of the holding (eum possideam) withholds how to use kamagra care from the epistemological domains that the medical humanities traditionally investigate.

Second, the temporality involved in parental care (quamdiu vixero) withholds something from the temporality of professional care. Third, something is also withheld from the ‘parental temporality.’. The need care depends on his life (quamidiu vixerit), how to use kamagra not on mine. Several forms of knowledge, and several forms of embodied holding, are involved without being fully commensurable.

Since I cannot resolve these enigmatic forms of withholding, the theoretical understandings remain breached, implicitly pointing how to use kamagra towards not-yet-explicable or not-yet-nameable understandings.Withholding and ambiguityMy holding of my son in my arms come with several temptations. One of them—in particular, as I am holding him, or, perhaps, shielding him—is to think that I hold some kind of vast, privileged knowledge. While this is of course true to some extent, there are more powerful movements at play. On the one hand, the complexities in the situation forces how to use kamagra me out of the internal comfort that characterises the centre of any ontological or epistemological ‘domain’.

On the other hand, I am also forced to admit another thing. That I can hold him, but it remains unclear—to some extent—if I can know him. I cannot know if our way is exclusively ours.Similarly, intertextual analysis locates breaches in specific ‘sign-systems’, and in larger ‘social and historical material’ (Kristeva 2002, 9–10) how to use kamagra. Hence, the specific inquiries presented in this article relate to more general ways of inquiry.

When we use those notions, we connect different academic investigations, and different academic disciplines, theoretical traditions and research methodologies. In Julia Kristeva’s words, these how to use kamagra relations are ‘temporal connections’ and ‘points of contact‘ (2002:8) and points of ‘distortion, ambiguity and contradiction’ (2002:11).The understanding of care as holding-together connects very well with the rise in interdisciplinarity within the medical humanities. The three deities Jove, Tellus and Cura are brought together in dispute, and Saturn’s verdict foreshadows how different ontological domains are held together in human life.Studying an interaction between form of knowledge—in their case. The interaction between medical imagining and patient creativity—Stahl and Stahl use the how to use kamagra insufficiencies of medical knowledge in an argument for multiple perspectives:Although in contemporary Western society, many tend to believe the hard science provide the truest or most accurate interpretation of the natural world, it cannot exhaust the meaning of the body.

If we believe we are more than the sum of our parts, then we ought to allow for multiple and even varied interpretations of our bodies (Stahl and Stahl 2016, 159).Interpreting care as connectedness and holding-together, medical humanities scholars aim to hold together medical and cultural knowledge in new, explorative and enriching ways, and they often succeed.Such interpretations also speak to an even more radical ambition, that of academic convergence, sometimes referred to as transdisciplinary research. Such appeals are often embedded in a considerable epistemological ambition. Pointing out the insufficiencies how to use kamagra of ‘illustrative’ or ‘additive’ work in the medical humanities, Kristeva et al. (2018) express a particularly radical version of this ambition:[W]e do not consider the humanities as a critical and potentially liberating perspective that can be applied to medicine as an object in need of repairment.

Medical humanities should not be construed as a humanistic perspective on medicine. They should rather be seen as a cross-disciplinary and cross-cultural space for how to use kamagra a bidirectional critical interrogation of both biomedicine (simplistic reductions of life to biology) and the humanities (simplistic reductions of suffering and health injustice to cultural relativism). On the one hand, this implies breaking with the culture–nature dichotomy and considering both the humanities and medicine as biocultural practices. On the other hand, it also implies understanding that boundary work requires boundaries, and that incommensurability between various partial disciplinary perspectives can—and will—emerge (56).The ambition at stake here listens to the holding-together outlined above.

Whereas more how to use kamagra ‘additive’ ways of connecting knowledge are valuable—for instance, when humanities-based research ‘fill the gaps’ of ‘pure’ medical research in order to facilitate evidence-based care—this is not what Hyginus’ text indicates. Just as the relation between Jove and Tellus is symmetric and mutual (they are equally necessary for the creation of humanity and will ‘hold’ remain with equal sovereignty after this life), so is the relation between Cura and the two other deities. Jove and Tellus are separated from humanity in this life, and Cura is equally separated from humanity after this how to use kamagra life. This fable cannot be intertextually connected with asymmetrical or additive relations between knowledge fields, but it is connected with a ‘space for bidirectional critical interrogation’.It is perhaps less clear how care as un-knowing speaks to larger trends in the medical humanities.

It is therefore necessary to ask. How can how to use kamagra understandings of care that emphasise withholding and un-knowing, including autotheoretical investigations that increase uncertainty, ambiguity and painful affects, inform knowledge production?. To outline a provisional response to this question, it is useful to return to Hyginus’ text once again. The description of Cura’s relation to humanity—Cura quoniam prima eum finxit, quamdiu vixerit, cura eum possideat (Since Cura fashioned him from the start, let Cura hold him for as long as he shall live)—should also be read with attention to grammar.

While the conjunction quoniam (since) introduces a causal clause in the indicative mood (finxit), followed by an adverbial clause in the indicative (vixerit), the resulting clause how to use kamagra is in the subjunctive (possideat). Interestingly, this subjunctive inflection is the only use of the subjunctive mood in Hyginus’ text.This use of the subjunctive mood—sometimes called ‘independent’ usage—can have a variety of purposes. Although the usage in fable CCXX is iussive—in the sense that makes a permanent judgement—it is worth noting that the subjunctive mood is often associated with potentiality in classical Latin. Other common areas of usage include ‘questions in which the speaker or writer expresses doubt or disbelief by “thinking aloud” (deliberative), wishes that cannot or may not how to use kamagra be fulfilled (optative), and the potentiality that something may happen or might have happened (potential)’ (Palma 2012, 377).

Moreover, it is worth noting that possideat is in present tense. Since the subjunctive mood lacks a future tense in Latin, the active present how to use kamagra tense can also denote future actions. Hyginus’ text, then, points towards knowing and un-knowing, and towards openness to potentiality and some degree of uncertainty.When held together, withholding and uncertainty give a clear implication for the medical humanities as a form of academic practice. The epistemological ambitiousness in medical humanities should be supplemented with what one might call epistemological modesty.

Such modesty is rooted in the specifics of care, how to use kamagra and in the relation between complexity and synthesis. What is at stake in care research—if we take the abovementioned complexities into account—is a ‘bidirectional space’, and an ever-expanding and exponentially multidimensional space. When medical humanities emerged, it was only a question of time before the field began to involve other humanities and social sciences disciplines than those involved in the initial phase. Similarly, the growth of critical medical humanities steadily increases the engagements with all kinds of critical research frontiers, in the social sciences as well as how to use kamagra in the humanities.

At least in an area such as studies of care—where the intimacy is so acutely palpable—it will become increasingly clear that the medical humanities will remain ‘outnumbered’ or ‘overpowered’ by the analytical complexities the field itself brings forth.Some scholars in the critical humanities have argued that scholars should ‘embrace’ this kind of overpowering (Viney, Callard, and Woods 2015, 2–7). However, Hyginus’ text complicates the relation between care practices (Cura), culture (Jove) and biomedicine (Tellus) regardless of such embraces. Although care holds humanity at the expense of the other forms of knowing, his how to use kamagra holding neither implies any disregard for humanities-based nor medical knowledge. Rather, the unpacking presented in this article demonstrates how care brings forth an epistemological modesty.

Only an epistemologically modest way of doing medical humanities can address the how to use kamagra intimate and enigmatic qualities of care.Discussion. Scholarly and analytical contributionWhile the textual and autotheoretical analyses presented in this paper followed the suggestion from Kristeva et al—to we question ‘the cultural distinction between the objectivity of (medical) science and the subjectivity of culture’ (2018:55)—it nevertheless ended in an emphasis on intimate withholding. This withholding—be it epistemological, theoretical or inherent in the intimate experience of holding or embracing my son away from an abyss—is relevant to the medical humanities in general. However, it is how to use kamagra also a contribution to four more specific tendencies in the available literature.First, the unpacking contributes to feminist care research.

Beginning with the canonical work on ‘a different voice’ by Gilligan (1982), feminist care research has increasingly emphasised the knowledge multitude involved in care. More recent research also shows a multitude of empirical delineations. While some scholars reserve the term for face-to-face interaction, or for situations characterised by how to use kamagra asymmetrical dependency, others do not. The investigation in this article brings forth additional multitude by combining academic disciplines that rarely interact—care research, linguistic analysis of Latin texts, romanticism studies and autotheoretical analysis work—and implies many possibilities for further research.Second, the autotheoretical interpretations can contribute to the research field sometimes known as ethics of care.

Following such works as the book Learning from my Daughter by Kittay Kittay (2019, xx), where she proposes that the relation of parental care provides ‘the only universal and morally significant property that all humans possess’, I aim to shed light on how care work engenders ethical thinking. My holding of my son in my arms—as well as the withholding that both how to use kamagra this holding and Hyginus’ text entail—is as political and ethical as it is personal and embodied.Third, this paper also relates to a more critical strain of ethics of care. Pettersen (2008) work, for instance, demonstrates how the ethics of care ’subverts the public/private dimension altogether’, thereby allowing for a broader range of criticism (45). Moreover, Fletcher and Piemonte (2017) shed light on how healthcare how to use kamagra practices constitute a ’quiet subversion’ of neoliberal cultural structures.

Arguably, both intimate withholding and epistemological overwhelming shows the power involved in such subversions.Fourth, I hope to contribute to the strand of research—in care research as well as in disability studies—that relate to the work of Julia Kristeva. On the one hand, the rethinking presented in this paper dovetails with her perspectives on how intimate aspects of care destabilise the larger frameworks, cultural structures that are nevertheless sustained by those actions of care. The autotheoretical exploration towards the emblematic formulation eum possideam quamdiu vixero (I shall hold him for as long as I shall live) might also respond fruitfully to Kristeva’s account of how her “living with […] the how to use kamagra neurological difficulties of my son David” (2013, 220) lead her to explore maternity as I want that you be (2013, 229). On the other hand, I also try to challenge what I see as an epistemological and political optimism in Kristeva’s work.Data availability statementNo data are available.

Since this is an autoethnographic investigation, primary data will not be available.Ethics statementsPatient consent for publicationNot required.Ethics approvalThe ethical aspects have been reviewed by the research management at the Work Research Institute. See also footnote 1.AcknowledgmentsI would like how to use kamagra to thank Eivind Engebretsen and John Ødemark for their encouragements, and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions.Notes1. Patient and public involvement statement. Although there is no public involvement in the writing of this paper, the autotheoretical approach does of course involve my son.

This approach hinders full anonymisation, just like his way of living in how to use kamagra this world hinders informed consent in the traditional sense. The approach also excludes the potential for full anonymisation. The consent is therefore, in consultation with his mother, given by me as his legal guardian..

Welcome to the first issue of 2022! buy kamagra canada. We have several exciting changes to announce in the new year. To begin with, we have been increasing our number of published submissions per issue, including some of our content exclusively online (the most common buy kamagra canada way that our readers access the journal). In addition, we have put out additional calls for submissions and look forward to receiving new work.We have spent the last 4 years working towards social justice, accessibility, global …IntroductionThe subject of care is gaining importance within the medical humanities, but it also remains elusive. Hence, this paper aims to unpack theoretical notions of care in a way that integrates the elusiveness rather than trying to avoid it.

It also responds to a recent buy kamagra canada article by Julia Kristeva et al, in which they claim that care holds humanity (Kristeva et al. 2018).When in need of theoretical elaboration or re-development, medical humanities scholars have sometimes evoked Greek or Roman myths, such as those of Narcissus, Hephaestus or Leto (Cilione, Marinozzi, and Gazzaniga 2019. Pannese 2011. Schott 2017) buy kamagra canada. Similarly, this article evokes the Roman myth of Cura to unpack theoretical understandings of care.

In this myth, known from the writings of the first century mythographer Hyginus, humanity is created from clay by a personification of care. It has proven useful to thinkers as diverse as Martin buy kamagra canada Heidegger, Arthur Kleinman (Kleinman and van der Geest 2009) and Julia Kristeva (Kristeva (2012), Kristeva et al. 2018). While utilisation by Heidegger 1927, 196–200 ‘challenges the myth of self-sufficiency and individual atomization that that has shaped much of modern Western philosophy’ (Froese 2005, 16), both Kleinman and Kristeva explore the tension between universalised knowledge and the singularity of individual patients and intimate care (Engebretsen, Fraas Henrichsen, and Ødemark 2020).While none of these scholars engage with Hyginus’ Fabulae directly, I buy kamagra canada use the text as an ‘engine’ in a four-step endeavour. This endeavour follows Brandy Schillace’s description of the medical humanities as ‘a field that at its core considers the human story behind and within medicine, its history, its cultural valence and its influence on practice’ Schillace (2017, 139).First, a ‘human story’ entails agency, the things that humans do in their lives.

While the ‘appeal’ from Kristeva et al uses a case from intercultural psychoanalysis, the authors have previously researched a variety of professional healthcare practices (Engebretsen 2016. Engebretsen, Sandset, buy kamagra canada and Ødemark 2017. Hetrick et al. 2017). However, it is crucial to note that Cura (in Hyginus’ text) will ‘hold’ humanity buy kamagra canada quamdiu vixerit (for as long as he shall live).

Such a life-long temporality does not dovetail with the temporary, regulated and systematised relations of healthcare organisations. Hyginus’ text has, I argue, a much stronger affinity to the temporality of parental care. Hence, I begin the endeavour by acknowledging that I am a scholar, and the father of a boy with little linguistic function.1 Although my parental care for my son entails a multitude of meanings and instances, I begin with buy kamagra canada two tales from my parental care in 2020:Sometimes, if he does not understand what is going on, or if his actions feel unintelligible to others who are present, I take him in my arms. In that way, we are at least together in a situation when both of us otherwise would have been on our own. Suddenly, it feels as buy kamagra canada if I am not only holding or embracing him away from an abyss.

I am also holding him—or, perhaps, shielding him—in the face of many, many abysses to come.In rough-and-tumble play, I often lift him up with my arms straight—holding him while he straightens his body, and ‘is an airplane’. Although this play is exhausting, particularly since I live with cerebral palsy, this is nevertheless an activity where we can be close to one another. When I hold him up like this, or suddenly ‘crash’ him safely down next to me on the bed, we are skin to skin, but not exactly like I used buy kamagra canada to be with his older siblings, and I suddenly have the impression that it also differs from how most fathers do this with their children. I cannot know if our way is exclusively ours, but while I hold him, that is how it feels.Second, a human story ‘behind and within medicine’—or, for that matter, behind and within any social field—consists of underlying notions and involved cultural categories. Hence, this article aims to unpack theoretical notions of care with reference to the thinkers mentioned above.

Throughout, I try to unpack how different aspects of care ‘follow’ each other in an analytical ‘path’ or trajectory, as if in a story (Kristeva et al buy kamagra canada. 2018).Third, the investigation of the human story of care must become an investigation of ‘history’ and ‘cultural valence’. In order to think historically, the analytical ‘engine’ includes Hyginus’ text, and 18th and 19th century uses of Cura and related motifs.Fourth, I follow Schillace’s advice to examine ‘influence on practice’. In addition to the practice buy kamagra canada of parental care, the exploration ends with a discussion of medical humanities as practice. When medical humanities scholars ’consider’ the human story of care, they bring together different perspectives and forms of knowledge.

In this case, however both buy kamagra canada the intertextual analyses and the autotheoretical work indicate that those complexities might overpower our theoretical perspectives. Hence, I conclude with a call for epistemological and analytical modesty.MethodAlthough the abovementioned scholars have used the myth of Cura for clearly theoretical purposes, several of them explore this also as carers in a personal sense. Julia Kristeva writes her work on care as the mother of a man with severe disabilities Kristeva (2013, 219–221), Arthur Kleinman and Geest (2009, 159–163) begin their rethinking with a rich narrative of his caring for his wife who lives with Alzheimer’s disease. In line with their work, this article combines textual interpretation with autotheoretical work.Often used in connection with genre-bending memoir The Argonauts by Maggie Nelson (2015), the term ‘autotheory’ designates a literary form involving ‘the combination of autobiography and critical theory’ (Pearl 2018, buy kamagra canada 200). In this article, however, I rely on the work of the Canadian artist, curator, writer and interdisciplinary researcher Fournier (2019), who has unpacked autotheory with particular reference to illness and embodiment.

Fournier describes autotheory as a specific form of academic practice:In autotheory as a conceptual and performative feminist practice, artists, writers, and critics use the first person, or related practices of self-imaging (Jones, Self/Image 134), to process, perform, enact, iterate, and wrestle with the hegemonic discourses of ‘theory’ and philosophy, extending the feminist practice of theorizing from one’s subject positioning as a way of engendering insights into questions related to aesthetics, politics, ethics, and social and cultural theory. In autotheory, one’s embodied experiences become the material through which one theorizes, and, in a similar way, theory becomes the discourse through which one’s lived experience is refracted (658).In Fournier’s definition, theory functions as buy kamagra canada ‘hegemonic discourses’, and as discourses through which one’s lived experience is refracted. Contrary to this emphasis on language—as well as their emphasis on language elsewhere (Heidegger 1927Heidegger 1937. Kleinman 1995. Kristeva 2019)—neither Kristeva nor Kleinman or Heidegger focus on Hyginus’ text buy kamagra canada.

In contrast to this body of research, this article emphasizes the interpretative potential of the original text. In addition to grammatical analysis, I buy kamagra canada utilize the well-known concept of intertextuality, as introduced by Kristeva (1980). However, I use it in a less structuralist sense than in her early formulations in Desire in Language. Instead, I approach Hyginus’ text in line with her approach in ‘Nos Deux’ or a short (hi)story of intertextuality (Kristeva 2002).For me, intertextuality is mostly a way of making history go down in us. We, two buy kamagra canada texts, two destinies, two psyches.

It is a way if introducing history to structuralism and its orphan, lonely texts and readings. […] the etymological meaning of ‘semeion’ is a distinctive mark, a trace, an engraved or written sign, that makes us think of the Freudian ‘psychical’ marks, called drives, rhythmical articulations of embodied impulses and psychical movements. In this sense, the meaning of the socio-historical aspect of intertextuality, as already buy kamagra canada developed by Bakhtin and Barthes, acquires a new significance. Within each sociolect or ideology, (both well-established sign-systems) there will always be a breach of subjectivity carrying out a hidden matrix of pre-symbolic forces able to make history move on through all its short and singular stories. (2002.

8-9)First, this means that I study Hyginus’ text not as a ‘lonely text’, but as part of a buy kamagra canada historical trajectory. The ‘singular stories’ are used to disturb the orderly (structural) notions of both textual and philosophical analysis.Second, I interpret Hyginus’ text—as well as other utilisations of the myth—with focus on traces. Or, more specifically, to find ‘distinctive marks’ relevant to buy kamagra canada the same material as in authotheretical work. €˜embodied impulses and psychical movements’. This, however, does not mean that the texts are reduced to a canvas for an engraved sign.

In methodological term, the aim is to allow the two destinies—the textual trajectory buy kamagra canada of the Cura motif, and the personal trajectory that becomes so intimate when I hold my son in my arms—to shed light on one another.Third, the interaction between these two methodological approaches will hopefully allow history—what Schillace calls the ‘human story’—to move in two diachronic ways. I aim to emphasise the differences between the different utilisations of the myth. Finally, I also aim to locate breaches in the ‘well-established sign systems’ we call theories of care, to get a glimpse of something yet hidden.Humanity as creation, care as fundamental conditionIn a narrative sense, Hyginus tells three stories. A story of the creation of humanity followed by a story of a quarrel between deities and finally, a verdict on the ontological role of care in human buy kamagra canada life. The first story in Hyginus’ fable begins thus:Cura cum quendam fluvium transiret, vidit cretosum lutum.

Sustulit cogitabunda et coepit fingere hominem.When Cura was crossing a certain river, she saw some clayey mud. She took it up thoughtfully and began to fashion a man.Before interpreting this first story, we must buy kamagra canada first acknowledge that the fable is an alteration or addition in a philological sense. While Fabulae is almost exclusively filled with Greek myths, the Cura fable’s position at the end of the collection suggests, ‘that this particularly Roman tale was simply added to the end of the existing narrative portion’ (Smith and Trzaskoma 2007, xlix). Moreover, philological research consistently argues that fable CCXX ‘hinges on Latin wordplay’ (Smith and Trzaskoma 2007, xlviii).More specifically, Hyginus, in the Cura fable, alters a prevailing myth in late antiquity, one that he has even told earlier in the buy kamagra canada pages of Fabulae. That of how the titan Prometheus fashioned man from clay.

In fable CXLII (‘Pandora’), Hyginus states explicitly that Prometheus lapeti filius primus homines ex luto finxit (Prometheus, son of Iapetus, first fashioned men from clay).Most Greek and Roman sources place the Prometheus plasticator motif within a three-stage narrative. First, Prometheus buy kamagra canada shapes the human from clay, and then Athena gives the creature inner life. Finally, sometimes after Prometheus has given humankind fire against the orders of Jove, Jove intervenes and sentences Prometheus to eternal punishment in the Caucasus.To understand the human story—to which both this motif and Hyginus’ text belong—comparison is needed. First, we must note that the neutral or slightly idyllic depictions in Hyginus and Ovid (respectively) differ from earlier and less optimistic renderings in Republican times. The poet Propertius, for instance, in his Libri buy kamagra canada Elegiarum from the first-century BC, laments and elaborates on how Prometheus was careless in his creating.

Here, the adverbial clause ille parum caute casts Prometheus as a figure of titanic heedlessness:ille parum caute pectoris egit opus.corpora disponens mentem non vidit in arto:The making of man’s reason he performed with too little care.Arranging our bodies, he overlooked the mind in his handiwork (Goold 1990, 232).Carelessness, the counterpart to the notion of care, is involved in the Prometheus plasticator motif throughout antiquity. The adverbial clause ille parum caute does not derive from the same verb as Cura, but rather from the verb caveo (to take precautions, to be aware of something). Nevertheless, Prometheus’ lack of care underlines how Hyginus’ text is buy kamagra canada an inversion these earlier texts. Instead of being created in a careless way, humanity is created by care.To be fair, a singular text never exhausts the potential of the history to which it belongs. Specific understandings—in buy kamagra canada this case.

Theoretical notions of care—are only a part of a wide array of potentials. The Prometheus Plasticator motif foreshadows 20th and 21st century theories of care, and 18th and 19th century depictions of Prometheus as a figure of romantic transgression. In Goethe’s poem Promethevs (written 1774, published 1789), Prometheus becomes a figure of independence and defiance—as expressed, for instance, in the final stanza:Hier sitz' ich, forme Menschen / Nach meinem Bilde, / buy kamagra canada Ein Geschlecht, das mir gleich sei, / Zu leiden, zu weinen, / Zu genießen und zu freuen sich, / Und dein nicht zu achten, / Wie ich!. (Goethe 1998, 44–46)Here sit I, forming mortals /In my image. / A race resembling me, / To suffer, to weep, / To enjoy, to be glad, / And thee to scorn, /As I!.

(Bowring 2015, 182)Typical of Goethe’s Sturm und Drang period, his Prometheus Plasticator is a figure of creativity, and buy kamagra canada embodies ‘ideals of freedom and rebellion’ (Raggio 1958, 44). Goethe’s poem emphasised the ‘autonomous existence’ of mankind (Dougherty 2006, 95), thereby constituting an ‘emancipatory gesture’ (Edgar 2002, 161). Hyginus’ text inverts both classical and romantic evokings of the myth by inserting dependency rather than autonomy and expansion. To shed buy kamagra canada further light on this inversion, we must first unpack the name of the personification that Hyginus instals in the Prometheus Plasticator motif. Cura.The name Cura is derived from the verb curo.

The Oxford Latin Dictionary defines the verb thus:To watch over, look after, care for.To tend to, to do what is necessary to.To administer remedies, to treat (a sick person, wound, disease, etc).To have charge of. (absol.) to be in command.To devote oneself to, to cultivate (a person).To undertake, to see to (a task or a responsibility).To regard with anxiety or interest, worry or care about, heed.As we can buy kamagra canada see, the first three senses of this verb invert the Prometheus motif we found in Propertius. To instal the personification of curo in the motif is to instal carefulness, attentiveness and responsibility in a motif usually filled with lack of care. The third sense also injects an aspect that is totally absent in classical anthropogenies buy kamagra canada. That of human frailty.

It also relates to aspects of human lives that are particularly relevant to understanding care, illness, disease and disability.The fifth and sixth senses of the word similarly invert the romantic depictions of Prometheus motif. The anthropogenic act is no longer about rebellion and expansion, but buy kamagra canada devotion and responsibility. The seventh sense finally reverses the political impulse of the Sturm und Drang—the desire for increased individual freedom and self-expansion in every imaginable way—into worrying and heeding.In addition to these intertextual relations, it is also fruitful to note the verbs that connect humanity to the three deities. While Cura’s creating is described with the verb fingo (in Hyginus. €˜fingere’), Jove’s buy kamagra canada and Tellus’ acts of giving are described by do (in Hyginus.

€˜dedisti’). While the former verb is a very tactile verb, a matter of touch and contact, do signifies separation—to deliver or give something, to separate it from something in order to unite it with something else. An initial buy kamagra canada understanding of care emerges from these textual relations. Care is fundamental (by belonging to the anthropogony), antithetical (by being the antithesis of carelessness and neglect) and intimate (by establishing relation through touch).Care imaginationsWhen modern scholars use Hyginus’ text, one word of the first sentence is often overlooked. Cogitabunda (thoughtful) buy kamagra canada.

Although an adjective in the purely grammatical sense, this is the only word with an adverbial function in Hyginus’ text. Hence, it is the lone term specifying how actions and interactions take place. While Greco-Roman deities often act from rage (as in the conflict between the titans and Olympian deities) or desire (as in the story of Zeus and Leda), Cura acts thoughtfully or with thought.As we can see, the adverb cogitabunda is attached to the picking buy kamagra canada up of the clay, not primarily to the act of creation. Sustulit cogitabunda et coepit fingere hominem. Moreover, the temporal clause ‘and begun to’ (et coepit) also locates this thought as prior to the creation of humanity.

To understand care as thoughtful, then, is about understanding thoughts and imaginaries ‘involved’ in care, and it includes thoughts and imaginaries that ‘pre-exist’, ‘frame’ or ‘underpin’ care and care work.It is useful to explore how the meaning of cogitabunda is preserved and unveiled buy kamagra canada in the work of the German philosopher, poet and literary critic Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803). In his poem ‘Das Kind der Sorge’ (1787), Herder follows Hyginus very closely (Bernays 1869, 158-163). This poem was widely read, and it provided the basis for Goethe’s use of the Cura motif in Faust II (1832). Finally, Heidegger also comments on the poem and cites it buy kamagra canada in extenso when he develops his notion of Sorge as the fundamental human condition (Dye 2009, 207–218)., Kristeva (2001), too, refers several times to Herder, and even refers directly to this poem (25–26). The first stanza describes the moment of creation thus:Einst saß am murmelnden StromeDie Sorge nieder und sann:Da bildet im Traum der GedankenIhr Finger ein leimernes Bild (von Herder 1889, 75).Once by a murmuring riverSorrow sat down, and there,In a vision, thought to form with the touchA wavering figure (Groth 2016, 31).von Herder positions the moment of creation as a radically imaginative act in at least three ways.

First, the gaze is far more manifest in von Herder’s text than buy kamagra canada in Hyginus’. While Hyginus’ Cura shapes a human (hominen) directly, von Herder’s ‘Sorge’ shapes an image (Bild). This dovetails well with important insights from care research. In relations of care, the cared-for becomes visible to the carer(s), buy kamagra canada thereby also becoming a valued imago. Conversely, the carer(s) become visible in the imagination of the cared-for—even in a Western culture that often obscures or silences interpersonal interdependence.Second, cogitabunda in Hyginus is also intertextually connected von Herder’s adverbial clause im Traum der Gedanken.

This phrase, roughly translatable as ‘in the dream of thoughts’, roots humanity in a singular image (or dream) that consist of or belong to several different thoughts or ways of thinking. This tension between individuality and multitude dovetails with research on buy kamagra canada the knowledge complexities involved in care.Third, the word ‘Traum’ (dream) in Traum der Gedanken does not denote unreality, fantasy or illusion. For von Herder, dreams are not the opposite of reality, but thoughts beyond or above manifest reality (Wirklichkeit überhöhenden Gedankens). A dream of thoughts, then, is an experience or interpretation wherein the understanding of a phenomenon moves beyond how the phenomenon presently is, to what it should or could be. Just as Hyginus’ cogitabunda buy kamagra canada can, if we interpret in intertextual connection with von Herder’s Traum der Gedanken, also refract my experiences of holding my son in my arms.

This is true of the experiences of performing actions that seem strange or unintelligible to those around us, but particularly true of the feeling of doing this in a way that is uniquely ours. The combination of these feelings—where buy kamagra canada the socially estranged ways of caring is fundamentally ours and integral to my parenting—engenders or entails a striving ‘upwards’. This striving is not limited to the idealisation that so often takes place in parenting, but is also a utopian, imaginative glimpse of a world wherein the both of us truly belong.In other words, the Cura motif foreshadows the ‘horizontal’ complexities involved in care (multiple cultural imaginaries, multiple forms of knowledge). It also foreshadows ‘vertical’ complexities, through which care imaginations include both underlying categories and überhöhende dimensions. These overarching or utopical dimensions, that both stem from and go beyond the localised, singular imaginations buy kamagra canada of care, is known by many names in and beyond the medical humanities.

Examples include ’underlying values’, ‘ethical content of particular practices’, ‘transformative learning’ and many others (Ayala 2019, 269. Pettersen 2008, 188. Winthrop 2003).Cogitabunda, can mean to be thoughtful and to be ‘full of buy kamagra canada thoughts’. The adverbial clause im Traum der Gedanken by von Herder (1888, 533), similarly, also signifies something unclear or disorganised. In his poetotological treatise Über Bild, Dictung und Fabel (1888, 533), von Herder juxtaposes this state with being in Leidenschaft (in passion), in Verrückung (in madness) or nicht auf seiner Hut (off guard).

There is buy kamagra canada complexity and openness—perhaps even fantasy or at least exploration—in this. When I hold my son in my arms connecting different realms of thought. As in ruff-and-tumble-play, these realms are also at buy kamagra canada play as I think.The quarrel of the deities. Culture, nature and careAfter the first narrative, the second deals with a quarrel between the deities Cura, Jove and Tellus. Once humanity has been given inner life, the focus in Hyginus’ texts shifts from creating to name-giving:Cum vellet Cura nomen suum imponere, Iovis prohibuit suumque nomen ei dandum esse dixit.

Dum de nomine Cura et lovis disceptarent, surrexit et Tellus suumque nomen ei imponi debere dicebat, quandoquidem corpus suum praebuisset.When Cura wanted to give it her name, buy kamagra canada Jove forbade, and said that his name should be given it. But while they were disputing about the name, Tellus arose and said that it should have her name, since she had given her own body.To name something after something else (and, perhaps particularly, after someone else) places the object within a certain taxonomy. Major deities such as Jove and Tellus are both rulers and personifications of different ontological realms or ‘elements’. Hyginus’ Cura buy kamagra canada is not known from other Roman sources. Instead, Cura is a ‘deification of abstract ideas’, a common feature of Roman culture (Axtell 1907).

Hence, it becomes clear that the quarrel deals with ontological ideas, more specifically with the ontology of humanity. Each deity buy kamagra canada proposes a ‘location’ in classical ontology.The philosopher John T. Hamilton has used the myth of Cura to explore how any understanding of security presupposes both care and carefulness. He underlines how this ‘locating’ somehow names humanity after something that buy kamagra canada is neither identical nor particularly resembling humanity:The controversy over the creature’s name strives to resolve the issue of the figure’s proper being, without the aid of physical resemblance, without the talent for self-reflection. In my view, the debate over the name revolves on whether humanity is essentially atemporal (Telluric matter or Iovian spirit) or instead fundamentally temporal and constituted by time and history (Hamilton 2013, 71).It is worth noting that the deities are not offering or suggesting certain framings of human life.

Hyginus’ text—in particular, the fact that Jove forbade any name other than his own—indicates conflicts between perspectives and disciplines. The imaginative richness involved in care, indicated by Hyginus cogitabunda or by the plural buy kamagra canada in von Herder’s Traum der Gedanken, is a plurality where incommensurabilities remain. In my view, the myth of Cura points towards three possible but incommensurable ways of studying, describing and interpreting care (corresponding to Jove, Tellus and Cura, respectively):As a cultural or semantic phenomenon, elucidated in terms of meaning or more or less idealised notions.As a biological phenomenon, elucidated in medical, psychological or other health-related terms.As a relational phenomenon, elucidated in terms of care work (professional or not).Although it is necessary to understand care in all these ways, it is nevertheless impossible to fully merge them or produce those understandings simultaneously. Hence, it is necessary to add a more epistemologically oriented aspect of care. Care is fundamentally imaginative and context-dependent, and stands in-between otherwise incommensurable interpretative domains.Saturn’s buy kamagra canada verdict.

The continuous presence of careIn the third narrative in Hyginus, the quarrel is somehow resolved when the deities choose Saturn as their judge. Sadly, this part of the text is fragmented. There is agreement, however, that Saturn’s verdict clarifies that Jove buy kamagra canada will receive human souls, while Tellus will receive the body post mortem:Tu Iovis quoniam spiritum dedisti, <…>. Corpus recipito. Cura quoniam prima eum finxit, quamdiu vixerit, cura eum buy kamagra canada possideat.

Sed quoniam de nomine eius controversia est, homo vocetur quoniam ex humo videtur esse factusJove, since you gave him spirit, let [Tellus] receive his body. Since Cura fashioned him from the start, let Cura possess him for as long as he lives. But since there is controversy about his name, let him be called homo, since he seems to be made from humus.Let us begin by buy kamagra canada pointing out that Saturn’s verdict exposes yet another way in which Hyginus’ text alters the Prometheus plasticator motif. In most classical renderings, Prometheus is a trickster, and a transgressor from whom humanity is eventually separated. After discovering his transgressions, the Olympian deities chain Prometheus to a mountain in the Caucasus, and humanity lives on without him.

The relation between humanity and buy kamagra canada its creator is therefore temporary. Hyginus, in contrast, makes it clear that humanity will remain under the guardianship of Cura quamdiu vixerit ‘for as long as he shall live’.The significance of this difference becomes clearer if we compare Hyginus’ text to Ovid’s use of the Prometheus plasticator motif in Metamorphoses. After describing the original moment when Prometheus created Humanity, Ovid goes on to describe the human condition:quam satus Iapeto mixtam pluvialibus undis / finxit in effigiem moderantum cuncta deorum, / pronaque cum spectent animalia cetera terram, / os homini sublime dedit caelumque videre(Ovid 1997, 47)so that his new creation, upright man, / was made in image of commanding gods?. / On earth the brute creation bends its gaze, / buy kamagra canada but man was given a lofty countenance / and was commanded to behold the skies. / and with an upright face may view the stars (Melville and Kenney 2009, 76).As we can see, Ovid’s Prometheus creates a strong and vital human being.

Humanity seems not dependent on care or assistance, but ‘made in image of commanding gods’. In Ovid, human life buy kamagra canada is essentially an independent life which resembles the lives of gods (in effigiem moderantum cuncta deorum). It is common—and tempting—to imagine care relations as exceptions in human lives. In care research, for instance, one often reserves care needs for vulnerable buy kamagra canada groups, thereby contrasting them with some kind of original, non-vulnerable state. In life-course research, similarly, care leaves life as people move into adolescence and adulthood, only to re-enter it in the special cases of disability, serious illness or old age.

Hyginus’ text, in contrast, opens up for a rethinking of care as a fundamental, continuous part of human lives.This is essentially an ontological argument. Although we often buy kamagra canada reserve the term for human beings who have unusual needs—for instance, children or people with disabilities—care is, in fact, much more pervasive.Noting the etymology of the verb curo—denoting what we call caring and worrying—Hyginus’ text also points towards an understanding of care as protection. The notion of care becomes meaningful in and of itself, and in relation to its counterparts, such as conflict, violence and neglect. If the so-called ‘normal’ human life—in Ovid’s words. Lives lived ‘in the image of commanding gods’—is buy kamagra canada met by a radical lack of care, it would have little freedom and in fact be over in a matter of days.Hyginus’ text points towards an understanding wherein care reigns, organises or facilitates human lives.

Cura somehow ‘holds’ humanity in this life, indicating that Jove’s and Tellus’ receiving somehow lies outside that life (after death). For the medical humanities, this understanding of care suggests ways to think about both medical and cultural knowledge as forms of afterlife. Biological knowledge, for instance, buy kamagra canada is a form of knowledge that has been aggregated outside and beyond individual lives. Through clinical generalisations, anatomical knowledge, systematic literature reviews and more. Cultural knowledge, buy kamagra canada conversely, is deeply historical and contextual—thereby inevitably also a testament to how both historical and contextual relations stretch far beyond individual lives.These ambiguities lead to a further understanding of care.

Care is not only a fundamental precondition—whose impact depends on context and interpretation—care is indeed a fundamental and omnipresent condition, that continuously engenders and relies on interpretative processes.Care as holding-togetherWhen I hold my son I ruff-and-tumble play, I am also holding together forms of knowledge. I connect many different forms of knowledge—my intimate experiences with him, my research experience from disability studies, the bits of knowledge I have received from medical and educational professionals and many others—with one another. Moreover, the knowledge I produce—from the actual holding, buy kamagra canada from being skin to skin and from sensing if he cannot understand others—is used in knowledge translation. I use it to stretch the understandings of medical professionals beyond uncertain prognoses. I also use it to connect the knowledge of the preschool teachers—a knowledge which mainly deals with so-called ordinary children—with the lives of extraordinary children such as my son.In Hyginus’ text, too, Cura holds together what otherwise would have been separate.

Had it not been for Cura’s holding, and Saturn’s verdict, humanity would have belonged to either Jove buy kamagra canada or Tellus. A recent ‘appeal to the medical humanities’ uses the potential of this narrative. In it, Kristeva et al. (2018) use the myth of Cura to explore how humanity ‘belongs to different ontological domains’ held together by care:Saturn, the God of time, settles the matter through an act of naming and by dividing and temporalising the possession buy kamagra canada of the various parts that comprise man. Jove is offered man’s soul and Tellus his body, after man’s death, while Cura will possess the creation in its lifetime since she made it.

[…] Thus, human buy kamagra canada life as a composite assembly of spiritual (Jove) and material elements (Tellus) is held together by Cura’s temporal care (55).In their unpacking, Cura’s holding of humanity becomes a holding-together of two forms of knowledge. Biomedical knowledge of bios and sociocultural knowledge of zoe. Faced with situations of care—situations that neither biomedical science nor cultural studies of health can understand sufficiently—the understanding of care becomes a point of intersection between otherwise separate landscapes.This holding-together is visible in a variety of care practices. In the case of buy kamagra canada evidence-based care, for instance, temporal doing at a certain point in time and history (professional work) holds together atemporal knowledge of effects (evidence) and atemporal norms (professional ethics). The temporal care work may seem like a mere ‘application’ of these atemporal knowledges.

However, recent studies argue that both evidence and norms exist as such if and only if they are interwoven with embodied practices. While ‘evidence in clinical decision making is relentlessly situated and buy kamagra canada contextual’ (Wieringa et al. 2017, 964), so can the normative aspects only be sufficiently understood as ‘embodied process’, located at ‘the action level’ (Doane and Varcoe 2008).Jove, Tellus and Cura personify ontological orders (ways of being), and epistemological orders (ways of knowing). If we then revisit the epistemological aspect of care, a further understanding emerges. Care is a relational matter—in the lived lives of care receivers, as well as in the work of care professionals—and it is crucial in holding together different social agents and different knowledge domains.Care as withholdingWhen I ‘play airplane’ with my son—or hold him close to me buy kamagra canada in situations where others do not understand him or vice versa—one might say that I know what I am doing.

On the other hand, this holding challenges several parts of my knowledge of this world. It challenges my images of what it is to be a buy kamagra canada father, since the play differs from how most fathers do this with their children. More importantly, perhaps, the knowledge produced when I hold my son in my arms in the face of many, many abysses to come differs from much of my academic and medical knowledge, including that which is inherent in his diagnoses and prognoses.This withholding might seem, contrary to the straightforward clarity of Hyginus’ text. However, a more detailed examination can refract these interpretations. It is particularly worth noting that the relation between Cura and the human being—that is, the fundamental ontological condition in this life—is described with a specific buy kamagra canada verbal clause with the verb possideo.

Cura eum possideat (Cura shall hold him).The Oxford Latin Dictionary defines possideo thusly:To have (land) in one’s control, occupy (as a tenant, etc). (absol.) to hold land.(in general) to hold as property, b. To take (property) into one’s keeping, appropriate.(of a sovereign, army, etc) to have control of (a country, position, etc) […] to assume or exercise control over (persons).To take or have in its power, dominate, overwhelm, possess.To fill or take up (a space) with one’s bulk.To buy kamagra canada take up wholly (a person’s time). To absorb the thoughts and energies of someone.Possideo denotes not a general sense of holding, or a more general sense of contact or connection, but an exclusive holding—similar to the English verb to possess. Cura, then, is not only holding a humanity that belongs to both Jove and Tellus, but she is also withholding this humanity from them.

This becomes even clearer if we emphasise that possideo is a transitive verb buy kamagra canada. At least to some extent, the clauses quamdiu vixerit, Cura eum possideat entail a micro-narrative. Although ‘created from,’ or consisting of biological matter, and being characterised by the presence of ‘soul’ or some measure of cognition, humanity buy kamagra canada is fundamentally ‘controlled’ by care in this life. The separating into meaning (spirit) and biology (bodily remains) takes place outside this life. Cura’s holding, then, allows us to understand the holding-together of medicine and culture, and a withholding from both these domains.The ‘hermeneutic story’ (Kristeva 2002, 10) of Hyginus’ possideat—wherein care holds humanity at the expense of both culture and biomedicine—contradicts epistemological optimism.

Hyginus text allows us to glimpse intimate care knowledge that connects cultural and biomedical knowledge, and that holds human life away from generalised buy kamagra canada knowledge. When Cura withholds humanity from generalised cultural knowledge (Jove) and generalised biochemical knowledge (Tellus) and care produces knowing—often described as insight, sharing and holding-together—and un-knowing.These difficulties indicate the need for an additional understanding of care. Care must be understood as a practice that holds together multiple parties and multiple forms of knowledge. However, it must also be buy kamagra canada understood as a practice—or if you will. A form of human relation—that withholds something from knowledge.I shall hold him for as long as I shall liveThe ‘human story’ of care relations (eum possideat) will necessarily entail a human story of singular actions that to some extent can only be described in first-person singular.

Eum possideam (I shall hold him). To explore this individual eum possideam, I buy kamagra canada try to ‘theorise from my subject position’ (Fournier 2019, 658). When activating my own intimate experiences, it became clear that interpretations of my eum possideam quamdiu vixerit can refract—or even fracture—theoretical notions of care.To connect intimate experiences of holding—be it in bodily care, in adverse social situations or in rough-and-tumble play—with cultural and political theory is clearly a daunting task. Although this still buy kamagra canada seems unclear to me, I can at least outline four aspects of the refraction. First, I do hold together cultural and biomedical knowledge.

When my son is in my arms, multiple cultural imaginaries are involved. My understanding of his life (and of mine) is dependent on my buy kamagra canada language and my cultural frames, and I am consistently aware of a clinical gaze. My son’s life—and, thereby, also my own life and my care work—are viewed or observed by medical professionals, psychologists, special needs educators and preschool teachers.Second, the holding is troublesome. In a narrower sense, I note that his needs lead me to hold and even carry him in ways that most parents only do with substantially younger children. Combined with my own embodied condition, there emerges a bodily trouble, an element buy kamagra canada of exhaustion, uncertain walking and muscular pain.

Regarding my cultural knowledge, it becomes clear that my own imaginaries entail expectations and understandings that somehow seem incompatible with his life. In this social context—parenting in Norway, located in middle-class families—childhood is simultaneously about ‘findings one’s own voice’ (autonomy) and about ‘following the path’ (social reproduction). To claim that autonomy outside language is possible, or that a person in his situation may reproduce his parents, seems equally futile.Regarding biomedical knowledge, I take care of buy kamagra canada my 4-year-old (as I do all three of my children) within a biomedical framework. Most Norwegian children are screened regularly for somatic problems, and to measure linguistic, cognitive and psychosocial development. While this knowledge has thus far granted me a certain comfort in buy kamagra canada parenting my two oldest children—confirming, as it were, that all is well—that has, obviously, not been the case with my youngest son.

Hence, his life is also framed by medical knowledge in a more direct way. He receives a range of health-related services, a provision that also positions my parental care within the same frame.Third, there is an uncertain future involved in this. This is of course always true of any intersubjective relation in general and of care relations in particular buy kamagra canada. The future is open, and it can entail painful events. However, his situation exposes uncertainty in a more radical way.

Culturally, it exposes how I see my other children—as having quite buy kamagra canada stable chances for social reproduction—partly thanks to how I see him. Through a fatherly lens of rather unclear hopes and worries. Medically, the tests of my youngest son continuously yield inconclusive results. This has replaced my former sense of parental comfort with gnawing anxiety over his buy kamagra canada future. Moreover, the complexities of his living leaves me, as a caregiver, with the unpredictability of his diagnostic results, rather than with stable prognoses.Fourth, these intimate situations entail a particular life-course temporality, which differs from the temporality of professional care, as well from the temporality in Hyginus’ text.

In the case of professional careers, their work is regulated to certain hours (of paid work), and to certain phases of life. Most professional carers will retire, and many will buy kamagra canada pursue other forms of work at some point in time. In Cura’s case, her care work is also time limited. The temporality of the deity’s existence is sufficient to encompass the temporality of buy kamagra canada humanity. In both cases, the life course temporality of the carer is sufficient for the imagined care work.In my parental care work, however, the temporality is insufficient rather than sufficient.

In all likelihood, I will somehow care for my son for as long as I am alive. Moreover, this lifelong buy kamagra canada work will likely be insufficient in at least two ways related to the temporality of my life. My own ageing will likely reduce my ability to perform the care work, and I will likely die before my son, leaving him without parental care. Hence, the temporality of my care cannot be formulated as eum possideam quamdiu vixerit (I shall hold him for as long as he shall live), but as eum possideam quamdiu vixero (I shall hold him for as long as I shall live).This rudimentary autotheoretical investigation brings to light three forms of withholding. First, the nature of the holding (eum possideam) withholds care from the epistemological domains that the medical humanities traditionally buy kamagra canada investigate.

Second, the temporality involved in parental care (quamdiu vixero) withholds something from the temporality of professional care. Third, something is also withheld from the ‘parental temporality.’. The need care depends on his life (quamidiu vixerit), not on mine buy kamagra canada. Several forms of knowledge, and several forms of embodied holding, are involved without being fully commensurable. Since I cannot resolve these enigmatic forms of withholding, the buy kamagra canada theoretical understandings remain breached, implicitly pointing towards not-yet-explicable or not-yet-nameable understandings.Withholding and ambiguityMy holding of my son in my arms come with several temptations.

One of them—in particular, as I am holding him, or, perhaps, shielding him—is to think that I hold some kind of vast, privileged knowledge. While this is of course true to some extent, there are more powerful movements at play. On the one hand, buy kamagra canada the complexities in the situation forces me out of the internal comfort that characterises the centre of any ontological or epistemological ‘domain’. On the other hand, I am also forced to admit another thing. That I can hold him, but it remains unclear—to some extent—if I can know him.

I cannot know if our way is exclusively ours.Similarly, intertextual analysis locates breaches in specific ‘sign-systems’, and in larger ‘social and historical material’ (Kristeva 2002, 9–10) buy kamagra canada. Hence, the specific inquiries presented in this article relate to more general ways of inquiry. When we use those notions, we connect different academic investigations, and different academic disciplines, theoretical traditions and research methodologies. In Julia Kristeva’s words, these relations are ‘temporal connections’ and ‘points of contact‘ (2002:8) and points of ‘distortion, ambiguity and contradiction’ (2002:11).The understanding buy kamagra canada of care as holding-together connects very well with the rise in interdisciplinarity within the medical humanities. The three deities Jove, Tellus and Cura are brought together in dispute, and Saturn’s verdict foreshadows how different ontological domains are held together in human life.Studying an interaction between form of knowledge—in their case.

The interaction buy kamagra canada between medical imagining and patient creativity—Stahl and Stahl use the insufficiencies of medical knowledge in an argument for multiple perspectives:Although in contemporary Western society, many tend to believe the hard science provide the truest or most accurate interpretation of the natural world, it cannot exhaust the meaning of the body. If we believe we are more than the sum of our parts, then we ought to allow for multiple and even varied interpretations of our bodies (Stahl and Stahl 2016, 159).Interpreting care as connectedness and holding-together, medical humanities scholars aim to hold together medical and cultural knowledge in new, explorative and enriching ways, and they often succeed.Such interpretations also speak to an even more radical ambition, that of academic convergence, sometimes referred to as transdisciplinary research. Such appeals are often embedded in a considerable epistemological ambition. Pointing out the insufficiencies of ‘illustrative’ or ‘additive’ work in the medical humanities, Kristeva buy kamagra canada et al. (2018) express a particularly radical version of this ambition:[W]e do not consider the humanities as a critical and potentially liberating perspective that can be applied to medicine as an object in need of repairment.

Medical humanities should not be construed as a humanistic perspective on medicine. They should rather be seen as a cross-disciplinary and cross-cultural space for a bidirectional critical interrogation of both biomedicine (simplistic reductions of life to biology) buy kamagra canada and the humanities (simplistic reductions of suffering and health injustice to cultural relativism). On the one hand, this implies breaking with the culture–nature dichotomy and considering both the humanities and medicine as biocultural practices. On the other hand, it also implies understanding that boundary work requires boundaries, and that incommensurability between various partial disciplinary perspectives can—and will—emerge (56).The ambition at stake here listens to the holding-together outlined above. Whereas more ‘additive’ ways of buy kamagra canada connecting knowledge are valuable—for instance, when humanities-based research ‘fill the gaps’ of ‘pure’ medical research in order to facilitate evidence-based care—this is not what Hyginus’ text indicates.

Just as the relation between Jove and Tellus is symmetric and mutual (they are equally necessary for the creation of humanity and will ‘hold’ remain with equal sovereignty after this life), so is the relation between Cura and the two other deities. Jove and Tellus are separated from humanity in this life, and buy kamagra canada Cura is equally separated from humanity after this life. This fable cannot be intertextually connected with asymmetrical or additive relations between knowledge fields, but it is connected with a ‘space for bidirectional critical interrogation’.It is perhaps less clear how care as un-knowing speaks to larger trends in the medical humanities. It is therefore necessary to ask. How can understandings of care that emphasise withholding buy kamagra canada and un-knowing, including autotheoretical investigations that increase uncertainty, ambiguity and painful affects, inform knowledge production?.

To outline a provisional response to this question, it is useful to return to Hyginus’ text once again. The description of Cura’s relation to humanity—Cura quoniam prima eum finxit, quamdiu vixerit, cura eum possideat (Since Cura fashioned him from the start, let Cura hold him for as long as he shall live)—should also be read with attention to grammar. While the conjunction quoniam (since) introduces a causal clause in the indicative mood (finxit), followed by an adverbial buy kamagra canada clause in the indicative (vixerit), the resulting clause is in the subjunctive (possideat). Interestingly, this subjunctive inflection is the only use of the subjunctive mood in Hyginus’ text.This use of the subjunctive mood—sometimes called ‘independent’ usage—can have a variety of purposes. Although the usage in fable CCXX is iussive—in the sense that makes a permanent judgement—it is worth noting that the subjunctive mood is often associated with potentiality in classical Latin.

Other common areas of usage include ‘questions in which the speaker or writer expresses buy kamagra canada doubt or disbelief by “thinking aloud” (deliberative), wishes that cannot or may not be fulfilled (optative), and the potentiality that something may happen or might have happened (potential)’ (Palma 2012, 377). Moreover, it is worth noting that possideat is in present tense. Since the subjunctive mood buy kamagra canada lacks a future tense in Latin, the active present tense can also denote future actions. Hyginus’ text, then, points towards knowing and un-knowing, and towards openness to potentiality and some degree of uncertainty.When held together, withholding and uncertainty give a clear implication for the medical humanities as a form of academic practice. The epistemological ambitiousness in medical humanities should be supplemented with what one might call epistemological modesty.

Such modesty is rooted in the specifics of care, buy kamagra canada and in the relation between complexity and synthesis. What is at stake in care research—if we take the abovementioned complexities into account—is a ‘bidirectional space’, and an ever-expanding and exponentially multidimensional space. When medical humanities emerged, it was only a question of time before the field began to involve other humanities and social sciences disciplines than those involved in the initial phase. Similarly, the buy kamagra canada growth of critical medical humanities steadily increases the engagements with all kinds of critical research frontiers, in the social sciences as well as in the humanities. At least in an area such as studies of care—where the intimacy is so acutely palpable—it will become increasingly clear that the medical humanities will remain ‘outnumbered’ or ‘overpowered’ by the analytical complexities the field itself brings forth.Some scholars in the critical humanities have argued that scholars should ‘embrace’ this kind of overpowering (Viney, Callard, and Woods 2015, 2–7).

However, Hyginus’ text complicates the relation between care practices (Cura), culture (Jove) and biomedicine (Tellus) regardless of such embraces. Although care holds humanity buy kamagra canada at the expense of the other forms of knowing, his holding neither implies any disregard for humanities-based nor medical knowledge. Rather, the unpacking presented in this article demonstrates how care brings forth an epistemological modesty. Only an epistemologically modest way of doing medical humanities can address the intimate and enigmatic qualities of buy kamagra canada care.Discussion. Scholarly and analytical contributionWhile the textual and autotheoretical analyses presented in this paper followed the suggestion from Kristeva et al—to we question ‘the cultural distinction between the objectivity of (medical) science and the subjectivity of culture’ (2018:55)—it nevertheless ended in an emphasis on intimate withholding.

This withholding—be it epistemological, theoretical or inherent in the intimate experience of holding or embracing my son away from an abyss—is relevant to the medical humanities in general. However, it is also a contribution to four more specific buy kamagra canada tendencies in the available literature.First, the unpacking contributes to feminist care research. Beginning with the canonical work on ‘a different voice’ by Gilligan (1982), feminist care research has increasingly emphasised the knowledge multitude involved in care. More recent research also shows a multitude of empirical delineations. While some scholars reserve the buy kamagra canada term for face-to-face interaction, or for situations characterised by asymmetrical dependency, others do not.

The investigation in this article brings forth additional multitude by combining academic disciplines that rarely interact—care research, linguistic analysis of Latin texts, romanticism studies and autotheoretical analysis work—and implies many possibilities for further research.Second, the autotheoretical interpretations can contribute to the research field sometimes known as ethics of care. Following such works as the book Learning from my Daughter by Kittay Kittay (2019, xx), where she proposes that the relation of parental care provides ‘the only universal and morally significant property that all humans possess’, I aim to shed light on how care work engenders ethical thinking. My holding of my son in my arms—as well as the withholding that both this buy kamagra canada holding and Hyginus’ text entail—is as political and ethical as it is personal and embodied.Third, this paper also relates to a more critical strain of ethics of care. Pettersen (2008) work, for instance, demonstrates how the ethics of care ’subverts the public/private dimension altogether’, thereby allowing for a broader range of criticism (45). Moreover, Fletcher buy kamagra canada and Piemonte (2017) shed light on how healthcare practices constitute a ’quiet subversion’ of neoliberal cultural structures.

Arguably, both intimate withholding and epistemological overwhelming shows the power involved in such subversions.Fourth, I hope to contribute to the strand of research—in care research as well as in disability studies—that relate to the work of Julia Kristeva. On the one hand, the rethinking presented in this paper dovetails with her perspectives on how intimate aspects of care destabilise the larger frameworks, cultural structures that are nevertheless sustained by those actions of care. The autotheoretical exploration towards the emblematic formulation eum possideam quamdiu vixero (I shall hold him for as long as I shall live) might also respond fruitfully to Kristeva’s account of how her “living with […] the neurological difficulties of my son David” (2013, 220) lead her to explore maternity as I want buy kamagra canada that you be (2013, 229). On the other hand, I also try to challenge what I see as an epistemological and political optimism in Kristeva’s work.Data availability statementNo data are available. Since this is an autoethnographic investigation, primary data will not be available.Ethics statementsPatient consent for publicationNot required.Ethics approvalThe ethical aspects have been reviewed by the research management at the Work Research Institute.

See also footnote 1.AcknowledgmentsI would like to thank Eivind Engebretsen and John Ødemark for their encouragements, and buy kamagra canada the anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions.Notes1. Patient and public involvement statement. Although there is no public involvement in the writing of this paper, the autotheoretical approach does of course involve my son. This approach buy kamagra canada hinders full anonymisation, just like his way of living in this world hinders informed consent in the traditional sense. The approach also excludes the potential for full anonymisation.

The consent is therefore, in consultation with his mother, given by me as his legal guardian..

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This meant that rural-based home health agencies were more likely to begin administering home care upon a doctor’s orders within two days of hospital discharge or home care referral. €œProviding early, intensive visits to patients during a home health episode has been shown to be effective in reducing hospitalization and improving functional status, so timely initiation of care is a best kamagra site critical component of quality home care for patients,” Chenjuan Ma, PhD, MSN, an assistant professor at NYU Meyers and the study’s lead author, said in a statement emailed to journalists. €œStrong relationships between rural home health agencies and local hospitals, as evidenced in previous research, may be facilitating the timely initiation of home health care to rural patients.” But while rural home health agencies outperformed urban ones in process measures, a look at outcomes measures told a different story. Health disparities still persisted, but this best kamagra site time urban home health agencies performed better.

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Ideally, both rural and urban home health agencies would perform well in process and outcomes measures. “Our study highlights the persistence best kamagra site of disparities in quality of home health care,” Ma said. €œLimited improvements have been made in the quality of home health care over time, and the gaps in quality of care did not significantly shrink between rural and urban agencies.” Healthcare experts looking to close the disparity between rural and urban home health agencies should examine the factors that might drive those differences. Particularly, rural healthcare providers, including home health agencies, tend to be hamstrung by staffing and resource constrictions and travel or transportation barriers.

Those challenges, taken in concert with the already poorer health rural patients tend to have, could keep rural best kamagra site home health providers from seeing positive outcomes measures. Future interventions could help rural home health providers overcome those challenges. And in urban settings, further research could investigate the barriers limiting timely initiation of care and then build out programs to address those challenge areas.Home best kamagra site Health Manager Kirsten Testoni visits Natocha Lyons, 43, who is quarantining at home with erectile dysfunction treatment, Nov. 24.

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€œThis is our erectile dysfunction treatment section right here,” said Nurse Kirsten Testoni, while sorting through best kamagra site medical equipment inside the home health supply room. Metal shelves stacked with supplies take up one of the walls.“Hey Evonne?. € she asked another nurse. €œYeah?.

€â€œDo you have any more of those batteries?. We’re like out of pulse ox’s.”Pulse ox is short for pulse oximeter — those little clamps that go on your finger and measure your blood oxygen levels. They’re in high demand right now in Petersburg.“You come in with sort of a plan but your day goes from zero to 60,” Testoni said.The Home Health office is located in an apartment across the street from the Petersburg Medical Center. (Photo by Angela Denning/KFSK)Testoni manages a team of eight.

Three years ago, there were only two home care nurses in this office. The additional staff has come from other departments, ERs, clinics, long-term care. Lena Odegaard had worked in all of them. She says she likes home health because she can focus on one patient at a time but it’s also challenging.“There’s just so many elements you can’t control,” she said.

€œWhereas, when you’re in the facility, you can kind of restrict visitors and what people are doing to a point.”Sometimes, there are patients who should go to the hospital but they don’t want to.“We find that quite often in home health, especially during this kamagra,” said Odegaard. €œSometimes there’s a little bit of a resistance.”Many times the nurses will transport patients to the hospital themselves or they can call an ambulance.Stephanie Romine says home health is different than her many years working in the hospital.“You never know, you can walk in and find someone on the floor,” Romine said. €œYou really don’t know what you’re walking in to a lot of times.”Many hospitals have home health departments but it’s different in a rural town like Petersburg, says Jared Kosin. He heads the Alaska State Hospital and Nursing Home Association.“You’re going to have almost, in some respects, a more nimble healthcare system because everybody knows everyone,” Kosin said.

€œWhen we’re in a crisis like this, can we meet this problem head on before it becomes a bigger problem and requires hospitalization.”During this latest Delta surge in Alaska, it’s been crucial to keep people out of the hospital — not just Petersburg’s local clinics, but also keeping people from getting medevac’d to the bigger hospitals in Anchorage.Plus, it’s a more personal way to receive care. This team in Petersburg is planning on keeping up this level of home health care even when they’re no longer caring for erectile dysfunction treatment patients.Home Health Nurse Manager Kirsten Testoni prepares to treat a person with erectile dysfunction treatment in their home. (Photo by Angela Denning/KFSK)Later in the day, Testoni is in her car gearing up to visit a small house where three people are infected with erectile dysfunction treatment.She puts on two face masks, goggles, a hair net, a gown, and blue rubber gloves.“Alright…You ready?. Let’s do it,” she said.Natocha Lyons answers the door.

She’s 43. She’s in a black sweatshirt, her blond hair pulled back.“Sorry my house is not cleaned,” Lyons said. €œI don’t have any energy.”In the last week, she’s been to the ER twice.“I was so bad and so weak I couldn’t even get up to go pee at one point. I had to have help from my son,” Lyons said.

Home health drove her back and forth to the hospital. She received oxygen, IV fluids, monoclonal antibody treatment, and steroids.“If it wasn’t for the home health people I wouldn’t have made it because I was too weak to drive myself, I was too weak to even walk, I was too weak to do anything,” she said. €œIt’s been very scary for me.”Testoni checks out her oxygen levels.“Ooo, it was 98!. That’s the best it’s been since forever!.

€ said Lyons. €œThe lowest I went was 84.”“Yeah, that’s pretty low,” Testoni said. Like many Petersburg residents this team has been caring for this month, Lyons isn’t vaccinated. And she hasn’t changed her mind even after two trips to the ER.But Testoni never pushes the issue.“That’s not our role,” she said.

€œWe don’t do that. We are going to take care of people regardless of what their choices are.”Walking back to the car, Testoni says her job isn’t to convince patients of anything. It’s to meet them where they are. And so far, that’s been enough to keep them alive..

By Sara Heath January 07, 2022 - The buy kamagra canada rural-urban divide is starting to become apparent in home health quality, with new research obtained via email indicating geographic health disparities in both the process measures and outcomes measures in home health delivery in either setting. The data, published in the Journal of Rural Health by researchers from NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, specifically found that rural-based home health providers perform better in process measures and those in urban settings perform better in outcomes measures. Home health is a growing field of medicine, more than 5 million Medicare beneficiaries buy kamagra canada utilizing home health in 2018, the researchers wrote.

The healthcare modality entails a medical professional, usually a nurse, delivering treatment within a patient’s home. Home health buy kamagra canada is particularly beneficial for individuals who experience transportation barriers or who have physical mobility limitations. It is increasing in popularity especially among older populations.

Dig Deeper But as the US is poised to see a continued surge in buy kamagra canada home health utilization alongside a growing over-65 population, it may consider the health disparities that plague the care modality. This latest research specifically found rural-urban health disparities, with either geography having its own benefits and downfalls. Using Centers for Medicare & buy kamagra canada.

Medicaid Services (CMS) data from between 2014 and 2018, the researchers assessed just under 8,000 home health agencies, about a fifth of which were in rural areas, across a set of quality measures. Particularly, the NYU researchers assessed agencies based on timely initiation of care, considered a process measure, and hospitalization and emergency department visits, considered outcomes buy kamagra canada measures. Rural home health agencies tended to perform better on the process measures, or the timely initiation of care measures.

This meant that rural-based home health agencies were more likely to begin administering home care upon a doctor’s orders within two days of hospital discharge or home care referral. €œProviding early, intensive visits to patients during a home health buy kamagra canada episode has been shown to be effective in reducing hospitalization and improving functional status, so timely initiation of care is a critical component of quality home care for patients,” Chenjuan Ma, PhD, MSN, an assistant professor at NYU Meyers and the study’s lead author, said in a statement emailed to journalists. €œStrong relationships between rural home health agencies and local hospitals, as evidenced in previous research, may be facilitating the timely initiation of home health care to rural patients.” But while rural home health agencies outperformed urban ones in process measures, a look at outcomes measures told a different story.

Health disparities still persisted, but this time urban home health buy kamagra canada agencies performed better. Urban-based home health agencies were more likely to prevent hospitalization and ED visits over time. Importantly, both urban and rural home health agencies saw overall increased buy kamagra canada ED visits over the five-year study period, but the performance disparity between the two geographies persisted.

Hospital visits, too, increased over the study period, and the disparity between rural and urban home health agencies narrowed slightly over time. These geographic health disparities are alarming, buy kamagra canada Ma noted. Ideally, both rural and urban home health agencies would perform well in process and outcomes measures.

“Our study highlights the buy kamagra canada persistence of disparities in quality of home health care,” Ma said. €œLimited improvements have been made in the quality of home health care over time, and the gaps in quality of care did not significantly shrink between rural and urban agencies.” Healthcare experts looking to close the disparity between rural and urban home health agencies should examine the factors that might drive those differences. Particularly, rural healthcare providers, including home health agencies, tend to be hamstrung by staffing and resource constrictions and travel or transportation barriers.

Those challenges, taken in concert with the already poorer health rural patients tend to have, could keep rural home health providers from seeing positive outcomes buy kamagra canada measures. Future interventions could help rural home health providers overcome those challenges. And in urban settings, further research could investigate the barriers limiting timely initiation of care and then build out programs to address buy kamagra canada those challenge areas.Home Health Manager Kirsten Testoni visits Natocha Lyons, 43, who is quarantining at home with erectile dysfunction treatment, Nov.

24. (Photo by Angela Denning/KFSK)While the nation is focusing on the emergence of the omicron buy kamagra canada variant of erectile dysfunction treatment, delta is still responsible for a widespread outbreak in the remote island town of Petersburg, Alaska. More than 7% of the town’s 3,000 residents got infected in November alone.

On the front lines of this outbreak is a team of home buy kamagra canada health nurses, going door-to-door treating patients. KFSK’s Angela Denning has their story. €œThis is our erectile dysfunction treatment section right here,” said Nurse buy kamagra canada Kirsten Testoni, while sorting through medical equipment inside the home health supply room.

Metal shelves stacked with supplies take up one of the walls.“Hey Evonne?. € she asked another nurse. €œYeah?.

€â€œDo you have any more of those batteries?. We’re like out of pulse ox’s.”Pulse ox is short for pulse oximeter — those little clamps that go on your finger and measure your blood oxygen levels. They’re in high demand right now in Petersburg.“You come in with sort of a plan but your day goes from zero to 60,” Testoni said.The Home Health office is located in an apartment across the street from the Petersburg Medical Center.

(Photo by Angela Denning/KFSK)Testoni manages a team of eight. Three years ago, there were only two home care nurses in this office. The additional staff has come from other departments, ERs, clinics, long-term care.

Lena Odegaard had worked in all of them. She says she likes home health because she can focus on one patient at a time but it’s also challenging.“There’s just so many elements you can’t control,” she said. €œWhereas, when you’re in the facility, you can kind of restrict visitors and what people are doing to a point.”Sometimes, there are patients who should go to the hospital but they don’t want to.“We find that quite often in home health, especially during this kamagra,” said Odegaard.

€œSometimes there’s a little bit of a resistance.”Many times the nurses will transport patients to the hospital themselves or they can call an ambulance.Stephanie Romine says home health is different than her many years working in the hospital.“You never know, you can walk in and find someone on the floor,” Romine said. €œYou really don’t know what you’re walking in to a lot of times.”Many hospitals have home health departments but it’s different in a rural town like Petersburg, says Jared Kosin. He heads the Alaska State Hospital and Nursing Home Association.“You’re going to have almost, in some respects, a more nimble healthcare system because everybody knows everyone,” Kosin said.

€œWhen we’re in a crisis like this, can we meet this problem head on before it becomes a bigger problem and requires hospitalization.”During this latest Delta surge in Alaska, it’s been crucial to keep people out of the hospital — not just Petersburg’s local clinics, but also keeping people from getting medevac’d to the bigger hospitals in Anchorage.Plus, it’s a more personal way to receive care. This team in Petersburg is planning on keeping up this level of home health care even when they’re no longer caring for erectile dysfunction treatment patients.Home Health Nurse Manager Kirsten Testoni prepares to treat a person with erectile dysfunction treatment in their home. (Photo by Angela Denning/KFSK)Later in the day, Testoni is in her car gearing up to visit a small house where three people are infected with erectile dysfunction treatment.She puts on two face masks, goggles, a hair net, a gown, and blue rubber gloves.“Alright…You ready?.

Let’s do it,” she said.Natocha Lyons answers the door. She’s 43. She’s in a black sweatshirt, her blond hair pulled back.“Sorry my house is not cleaned,” Lyons said.

€œI don’t have any energy.”In the last week, she’s been to the ER twice.“I was so bad and so weak I couldn’t even get up to go pee at one point. I had to have help from my son,” Lyons said. Home health drove her back and forth to the hospital.

She received oxygen, IV fluids, monoclonal antibody treatment, and steroids.“If it wasn’t for the home health people I wouldn’t have made it because I was too weak to drive myself, I was too weak to even walk, I was too weak to do anything,” she said. €œIt’s been very scary for me.”Testoni checks out her oxygen levels.“Ooo, it was 98!. That’s the best it’s been since forever!.

€ said Lyons. €œThe lowest I went was 84.”“Yeah, that’s pretty low,” Testoni said. Like many Petersburg residents this team has been caring for this month, Lyons isn’t vaccinated.

And she hasn’t changed her mind even after two trips to the ER.But Testoni never pushes the issue.“That’s not our role,” she said. €œWe don’t do that. We are going to take care of people regardless of what their choices are.”Walking back to the car, Testoni says her job isn’t to convince patients of anything.

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23:59.Interview Date cheap kamagra fast. TBCWe particularly welcome applications from black and minority ethnic candidates as they are under-represented within UCL at this level.We will consider applications to work on a part-time, flexible and job share basis wherever possible.The Centre for the Social History of Health and Healthcare (CSHHH) Glasgow invites applications for funded studentships on its M.Sc. In Health History programme cheap kamagra fast. This is the outcome of an investment by the Wellcome Trust through its Master's Programme Awards in Humanities and Social Science scheme and additional funding committed by the University of Strathclyde and Glasgow Caledonian University.Successful candidates will join the programme in September 2022 to study full-time for twelve months, details can be find cheap kamagra fast here. Www.strath.ac.uk/courses/postgraduatetaught/healthhistory/Awards will either be ‘fully-funded’ (all fees, a stipend of £15,000 for living expenses, and a research travel budget) or ‘fees-only’ (all fees and a research travel budget).The CSHHH Glasgow was established in 2005 as a research collaboration between the University of Strathclyde and Glasgow Caledonian University.

It is now Scotland's cheap kamagra fast leading centre for research, training and teaching in the history of health and medicine. It numbers over twenty staff, is home to a lively postgraduate community, and regularly hosts a range of events designed to draw scholars in the field from around the cheap kamagra fast world to connect with its activities. Www.strath.ac.uk/cshhhApplicants must be strongly committed to building a research career in the Medical Humanities. The CSHHH Glasgow is a diverse and cheap kamagra fast inclusive research environment, so welcomes applications from all sections of the community, in the UK, the EU, and around the world.To apply please provide the following. A brief cheap kamagra fast cv of no more than one side of A4 that outlines information and achievements relevant to this opportunity.

If the outcome of your first degree is yet to be decided please include a transcript of your Honours level marks to date and the title of your dissertation project. If your first degree has been awarded please include the transcript of marks and the title of your dissertation project.A clear proposal of no more cheap kamagra fast than 300 words for a Master’s-level research project which is likely to form the foundation for doctoral study. State the central research question and the reasons cheap kamagra fast why the project is likely to provide highly original outcomes in the field.The name and address of two academic referees. These should be willing to provide a statement of support for your application if contacted. All questions should be directed in the first place to the Centre's project cheap kamagra fast manager, Caroline Marley.

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Fixed Term buy kamagra canada Propecia tablet online. This post is available 30th September 2023.This post provides an buy kamagra canada exciting opportunity to develop and deliver the data management service provided by the Priment Clinical Trials Unit (CTU) to collaborating academics and clinicians, both within UCL and externally. The post holder will work as a buy kamagra canada member of the CTU Operational team and will conduct data management activities required to support the CTU portfolio of research studies, which consists of both CTIMP and non-CTIMP studies.

They will have duties in delivering clinical data management systems and provision of data management support to the unit.This post is available 30th September 2023.You will have a degree, or equivalent, in a subject allied to information technology, computer science, or mathematics or relevant experience. Experience of data entry, data management, handling large datasets and producing data reports is essential.If you have any queries regarding the post, please contact priment@ucl.ac.ukIf you have any queries regarding the application process, please contact Ione Karney (i.karney@ucl.ac.uk)The UCL Ways of Working for professional services supports buy kamagra canada colleagues to be successful and happy at UCL through sharing expectations around how we work – please see www.ucl.ac.uk/ways-of-working to find out more.Latest time for the submission of applications. 23:59.Interview Date buy kamagra canada.

TBCWe particularly welcome applications from black and minority ethnic candidates as they are under-represented within UCL at this level.We will consider applications to work on a part-time, flexible and job share basis wherever possible.The Centre for the Social History of Health and Healthcare (CSHHH) Glasgow invites applications for funded studentships on its M.Sc. In Health History programme buy kamagra canada. This is the outcome of an investment by the Wellcome Trust through its Master's Programme Awards in Humanities and buy kamagra canada Social Science scheme and additional funding committed by the University of Strathclyde and Glasgow Caledonian University.Successful candidates will join the programme in September 2022 to study full-time for twelve months, details can be find here.

Www.strath.ac.uk/courses/postgraduatetaught/healthhistory/Awards will either be ‘fully-funded’ (all fees, a stipend of £15,000 for living expenses, and a research travel budget) or ‘fees-only’ (all fees and a research travel budget).The CSHHH Glasgow was established in 2005 as a research collaboration between the University of Strathclyde and Glasgow Caledonian University. It is now Scotland's leading centre for research, training and teaching in the history of health buy kamagra canada and medicine. It numbers over twenty staff, buy kamagra canada is home to a lively postgraduate community, and regularly hosts a range of events designed to draw scholars in the field from around the world to connect with its activities.

Www.strath.ac.uk/cshhhApplicants must be strongly committed to building a research career in the Medical Humanities. The CSHHH Glasgow is a diverse and inclusive research environment, buy kamagra canada so welcomes applications from all sections of the community, in the UK, the EU, and around the world.To apply please provide the following. A brief cv of no more than one side of A4 that buy kamagra canada outlines information and achievements relevant to this opportunity.

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