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Two of the kamagra 100mg ebay infants died.Abbott closed the Sturgis plant and recalled its Similac PM 60/40, Similac, Alimentum and EleCare powered formulas manufactured at the Michigan facility. The company said Cronobacter sakazakii was found at the plant, but not in areas where it makes product. All finished product tested came back negative for the bacteria, according to Abbott.The FDA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have instructed parents to check Abbott's website to find kamagra 100mg ebay out if they have a product under recall.

The FDA is advising consumers not to use recalled Similac, Alimentum or EleCare powdered infant formulas.The plant closure and recall have left parents scrambling to find baby formula.During the first week of May, 43% of baby formula supplies were out of stock at stores across the U.S., according to Datasembly, a company that tracks retail data. Abbott said it can restart the Sturgis plant within two weeks if the FDA signs off, but it will take kamagra 100mg ebay up to eight weeks for products to make it to stores.President Joe Biden met earlier on Thursday with Walmart, Target, Reckitt and Gerber to discuss ways to ease the shortage. Biden has asked the Federal Trade Commission to use its power to monitor reports of price gouging amid the shortage, and the Justice Department is working with state attorneys general to deal with predatory behavior kamagra 100mg ebay by retailors, the administration officials said.The CDC has not identified any additional cases of related to the powered formula and has closed its investigation.

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The U.S kamagra pills online kamagra online. Will increase baby formula imports as part kamagra pills online of an effort to ease a nationwide shortage, senior Biden administration officials said on Thursday.The scarcity of formula was triggered in part by the closure of a Michigan manufacturing plant after two infants who consumed its products caught bacterial s and died.The Food and Drug Administration will announce specific actions to boost formula imports in the coming days, the officials said. The U.S. Produces 98% kamagra pills online of the infant formula its consumes. Chile, Ireland, Mexico and the Netherlands are potential sources for additional imports, according to the officials.Abbott Nutrition, the nation's largest baby formula manufacturer, issued a recall in February for several powered formulas.

The move came after four infants who consumed products kamagra pills online from its Sturgis, Michigan, plant were hospitalized with s from the bacteria Cronobacter sakazakii. Two of the infants died.Abbott closed the Sturgis kamagra pills online plant and recalled its Similac PM 60/40, Similac, Alimentum and EleCare powered formulas manufactured at the Michigan facility. The company said Cronobacter sakazakii was found at the plant, but not in areas where it makes product. All finished product tested came back negative for the bacteria, according to Abbott.The FDA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have instructed parents to check Abbott's website to find out if they have kamagra pills online a product under recall. The FDA is advising consumers not to use recalled Similac, Alimentum or EleCare powdered infant formulas.The plant closure and recall have left parents scrambling to find baby formula.During the first week of May, 43% of baby formula supplies were out of stock at stores across the U.S., according to Datasembly, a company that tracks retail data.

Abbott said it can restart the Sturgis plant within two weeks if the FDA signs off, but it will take up to eight weeks for products to make it to stores.President Joe Biden met earlier on Thursday with Walmart, Target, Reckitt and Gerber to discuss kamagra pills online ways to ease the shortage. Biden has asked the Federal Trade Commission to use its power to monitor reports of price gouging amid the shortage, and the Justice Department is working with state attorneys general to deal with predatory behavior by retailors, the administration officials said.The CDC has not identified any additional cases of kamagra pills online related to the powered formula and has closed its investigation. It has called for state health departments to report any infant Cronobacter s they find.Cronobacter can cause blood s or make the linings around the brain and spinal cord swell, according to the CDC. Symptoms include a fever, poor feeding, excessive crying, very low energy and kamagra pills online seizures.CNBC Health &. Science Read CNBC's latest global coverage of the erectile dysfunction treatment kamagra:.

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Colorado could cheap kamagra 100mg become the second state after Oregon to allow the use of certain psychedelic substances that are illegal under federal law. But while Oregon voters in 2020 approved the supervised use of psychedelic mushrooms, the citizen initiative on the Colorado ballot in November goes further. Proposition 122 would allow the personal use of psilocybin mushrooms and certain plant-based psychedelic substances by cheap kamagra 100mg adults 21 and over but would ban sales except in licensed “healing centers,” where people could ingest them under the supervision of trained facilitators. The psychedelic substances, which can alter a person’s perception and cause hallucinations, are Schedule I controlled substances, which is the federal classification given to drugs deemed to have a high potential for abuse and serve no legitimate medical purpose. However, a still-developing body of research has found that psychedelic mushrooms may have health benefits, such as treating cheap kamagra 100mg depression.

As of June, 15 cities and other local U.S. Jurisdictions have decriminalized possession of psilocybin or deprioritized the policing, prosecution, or arrest of users. Denver’s 2019 voter-approved initiative made the adult possession and use of psilocybin mushrooms the city’s lowest law enforcement priority, and it prohibited the spending cheap kamagra 100mg of resources on enforcing related penalties. Here are five key things to absorb about the initiative in Colorado. 1.

What does the Colorado initiative do?. Proposition 122 is one of 11 statewide ballot measures that Colorado voters will decide in the Nov. 8 general election. The measure would allow adults to grow, possess, and use mushrooms containing the chemicals psilocybin and psilocin, and decriminalize three plant-based psychedelics. Mescaline (though it specifically excludes the peyote cactus), ibogaine (from the root bark of the iboga tree), and dimethyyptamine (a compound in ayahuasca brew).

It also would require the state to create regulations for facilities where adults 21 and older can buy and take the psychedelics under supervision. Selling the drugs outside of those facilities would remain illegal. The measure sets a timeline for the regulatory process and facilities to be operational by late 2024 for psilocybin, and the state could expand the list of psychedelic substances to include mescaline, ibogaine, and dimethyyptamine in those facilities starting in 2026. If voters approve the initiative, people who use those psychedelics would be protected from professional discipline or losing public benefits, and criminal records of past convictions for offenses made legal under the measure could be sealed. The measure goes beyond the Oregon law voters approved in 2020 allowing people to be treated with one variety of psilocybin, called psilocybe cubensis, in supervised facilities.

In Oregon, no facilities have opened yet and state health officials are still finalizing regulations. 2. What are the potential health benefits?. Supporters’ primary argument for the measure’s passage is that psychedelic mushrooms and plants have potential mental health benefits. Emerging research and clinical trials are studying the substances’ effectiveness as an alternative treatment for conditions such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.

Proponents of the measure say regulation would increase access for people struggling to find effective mental health care. They also say psychedelic mushrooms are not addictive and pose no public safety risk. 3. What are the risks and unknowns?. Opponents caution that the measure is too far ahead of the science, and that the still-developing research should not be used to legitimize the legalization of psychedelic mushrooms and plants for medical or recreational use.

They also point out that much of the research conducted has involved psychedelic mushrooms, and that relatively little is known about the effects of mescaline, ibogaine, and dimethyyptamine. According to officials at the Justice Department’s National Drug Intelligence Center, ingesting psilocybin can produce negative physical effects, such as vomiting, weakness, and lack of coordination, along with negative psychological effects, such as being unable to distinguish fantasy from reality. Psilocybin can trigger episodes of psychosis, so people with a personal or family history of psychosis are generally excluded from studies. Psilocybin can also exacerbate heart conditions. Many people claim that because psilocybin is derived from plants (technically, fungi) it is safer than pharmaceutical drugs created in a lab.

This distinction has no basis. Many plants are poisonous, and many pharmaceutical drugs are derived from natural substances. 4. What does the science say?. Initial studies have found that psilocybin can help treatment-resistant depression or anxiety and depression in patients with terminal illnesses.

While the findings are promising, researchers caution that larger sample sizes and additional research are needed to understand psilocybin’s neurobiological factors and long-term effects. In 2019, the FDA called psilocybin a “breakthrough therapy,” a designation meant to speed up development of promising drugs. No psychedelics have been approved for medical use so far. Of the drugs being considered in the Colorado initiative, psilocybin is the most studied. Clinical trials have tested psilocybin in combination with therapy.

Unlike antidepressants, which must be taken regularly, psilocybin has been shown to have durable treatment effects after just one, two, or three doses. It is unclear whether psilocybin has any health benefits outside the psilocybin-assisted therapy protocols used in clinical studies. Some research findings show that psilocybin-assisted therapy can be useful in treating substance use disorders, including nicotine and alcohol addiction. Clinical trials for mescaline, ibogaine, and dimethyyptamine are still in preliminary stages. 5.

Will this sprout another industry like marijuana?. Because psilocybin is naturally occurring, people tend to assume its path to legalization will follow that of cannabis. However, the compounds have key differences in the way they affect people. Psilocybin is unlikely to win approval as easily as marijuana, which is legal for medical use in 39 states and the District of Columbia. Nineteen of those states and D.C.

Also allow recreational use. The Colorado measure expressly forbids the sale of psychedelics outside of licensed facilities. However, the potential for legalization in the state and elsewhere in the U.S. Has spurred the launch of dozens of companies eager to commercialize the sale and treatment of psilocybin. Some are organizing retreats to Jamaica, Peru, or Mexico, where they conduct ceremonies that reflect the traditional use of psilocybin and other natural psychedelics that date back centuries.

Markian Hawryluk. MarkianH@kff.org, @MarkianHawryluk Related Topics Contact Us Submit a Story Tip[UPDATED on Oct. 15] Last year, the emergence of the highly transmissible omicron variant of the erectile dysfunction treatment kamagra caught many people by surprise and led to a surge in cases that overwhelmed hospitals and drove up fatalities. Now we’re learning that omicron is mutating to better evade the immune system. Omicron-specific treatments were authorized by the FDA in August and are recommended by U.S.

Health officials for anyone 5 or older. Yet only half of adults in the United States have heard much about these booster shots, according to a recent KFF poll, and only a third say they’ve gotten one or plan to get one as soon as possible. In 2020 and 2021, erectile dysfunction treatment cases spiked in the U.S. Between November and February. Although we don’t know for sure that we’ll see another surge this winter, here’s what you should know about erectile dysfunction treatment and the updated boosters to prepare.

1. Do I need a erectile dysfunction treatment booster shot this fall?. If you’ve completed a primary vaccination series and are 50 or older, or if your immune system is compromised, get a erectile dysfunction treatment booster shot as soon as possible. Forty percent of deaths are occurring among people 85 and older and almost 90% among people 65 and over. Although people of all ages are being hospitalized from erectile dysfunction treatment, those hospitalizations are also skewing older.

Unvaccinated people, while in the minority in the U.S., are still at the highest risk of dying from erectile dysfunction treatment. It’s not too late to get vaccinated ahead of this winter season. The United Kingdom, whose erectile dysfunction treatment waves have presaged those in the United States by about a month, is beginning to see another increase in cases. If you’ve already received three or more erectile dysfunction treatment shots, you’re 12 to 49 years old, and you’re not immunocompromised, your risk of hospitalization and death from the disease is significantly reduced and additional boosters are not likely to add much protection. However, getting a booster shot provides a “honeymoon” period for a couple of months after vaccination, during which you’re less likely to get infected and thus less likely to transmit the kamagra to others.

If you’ll be seeing older, immunocompromised, or otherwise vulnerable family and friends over the winter holidays, you might want to get a booster two to four weeks in advance to better shield them against erectile dysfunction treatment. You may have other reasons for wanting to avoid , like not wanting to have to stay home from work because you or your child is sick with erectile dysfunction treatment. Even if you aren’t hospitalized from erectile dysfunction treatment, it can be costly to lose wages or arrange for backup child care. One major caveat to these recommendations. You should wait four to six months after your last erectile dysfunction treatment or vaccination before getting another shot.

A dose administered too soon will be less effective because antibodies from the previous or vaccination will still be circulating in your blood and will prevent your immune cells from seeing and responding to vaccination. 2. Do kids need to be vaccinated even if they’ve had erectile dysfunction treatment?. Although children are at lower risk for severe erectile dysfunction treatment than are adults, the stakes for kids are higher than many diseases already recognized as dangerous. Their risk shouldn’t be measured against the risk that erectile dysfunction treatment poses to other age groups but against the risk they face from other preventable diseases.

In the first two years of the kamagra, erectile dysfunction treatment was the fourth- or fifth-leading cause of death in every five-year age bracket from birth to 19, killing almost 1,500 children and teenagers. Other treatment-preventable diseases like chickenpox, rubella, and rotakamagra killed an average of about 20-50 children and teens a year before treatments became available. By that measure, vaccinating kids against erectile dysfunction treatment is a slam-dunk. Children who have had erectile dysfunction treatment also benefit from vaccination. The treatment reduces their risk of hospitalization and missing days of school, when parents might need to stay home with them.

But it’s precisely because the stakes are higher for kids that many parents are anxious about getting their children vaccinated. As recently as July, just after the FDA authorized erectile dysfunction treatments for children as young as 6 months, a KFF poll found that over half of parents of children under age 5 said they thought treatments posed a greater risk to the health of their child than getting the disease. And in the most recent poll, half said they had no plans to get their children vaccinated. erectile dysfunction treatment vaccination rates range from 61% among children ages 12 to 17 to 2% among kids younger than 2. Similar to influenza, erectile dysfunction treatment is most deadly for the very youngest and oldest.

At especially high risk are infants. They’re unlikely to have immunity from , and a small share have been vaccinated. Unless their mothers were vaccinated during pregnancy or got erectile dysfunction treatment during pregnancy — the latter of which poses a high risk of death for the mother and of preterm birth for the baby — infants are probably not getting protective antibodies against erectile dysfunction treatment through breast milk. And because infants have small airways and weaker coughs, they’re more likely to have trouble breathing with any respiratory , even one less deadly than erectile dysfunction treatment. 3.

Will I need a erectile dysfunction treatment shot every year?. It depends on the targets set by public health officials whether erectile dysfunction treatment becomes a seasonal kamagra like the flu, and how much the kamagra continues to mutate and evade humanity’s immune defenses. If the goal of vaccination is to prevent severe disease, hospitalization, and death, then many people will be well protected after their primary vaccination series and may not need additional shots. Public health officials might strongly recommend boosters for older and immunocompromised people while leaving the choice of whether to get boosted to those with lower risk. If the goal of vaccination is to prevent and transmission, then repeat boosters will be needed after completing the primary vaccination series and as often as a couple of times a year.

Influenza is a seasonal kamagra causing s and disease generally in the winter, but scientists don’t know whether erectile dysfunction treatment will settle into a similar, predictable pattern. In the first three years of the kamagra, the United States has experienced waves of in summer. But if the erectile dysfunction treatment kamagra were to become a wintertime kamagra, public health officials might recommend yearly boosters. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that people 6 months and older get a flu shot every year with very rare exceptions. However, as with the flu, public health officials might still place a special emphasis on vaccinating high-risk people against erectile dysfunction treatment.

And the more the kamagra mutates, the more often public health officials may recommend boosting to overcome a new variant’s immune evasion. Unfortunately, this year’s updated omicron booster doesn’t appear to provide significantly better protection than the original boosters. Scientists are working on variant-proof treatments that could retain their potency in the face of new variants. 4. Are more erectile dysfunction treatment variants on the way?.

The omicron variant has burst into an alphabet soup of subvariants. The BA.5 variant that surfaced earlier this year remains the dominant variant in the U.S., but the BA.4.6 omicron subvariant may be poised to become dominant in the United States. It now accounts for 14% of cases and is rising. The BA.4.6 omicron subvariant is better than BA.5 at dodging people’s immune defenses from both prior and vaccination. In other parts of the world, BA.4.6 has been overtaken by BA.2.75 and BF.7 (a descendant of BA.5), which respectively account for fewer than 2% and 5% of erectile dysfunction treatment cases in the U.S.

The BA.2.75.2 omicron subvariant drove a wave of s in South Asia in July and August. Although the U.S. Hasn’t yet seen much in the way of another variant descended from BA.5 — BQ.1.1 — it is rising quickly in other countries like the U.K., Belgium, and Denmark. The BA.2.75.2 and BQ.1.1 variants may be the most immune-evasive omicron subvariants to date. BA.4.6, BA.2.75.2, and BQ.1.1 all evade Evusheld, the monoclonal antibody used to prevent erectile dysfunction treatment in immunocompromised people who don’t respond as well to vaccination.

Although another medication, bebtelovimab, remains active in treating erectile dysfunction treatment from BA.4.6 and BA.2.75.2, it’s ineffective against BQ.1.1. Many scientists are worried that Evusheld will become useless by November or December. This is concerning because the pipeline for new antiviral pills and monoclonal antibodies to treat erectile dysfunction treatment is running dry without a guaranteed purchaser to ensure a market. In the past, the federal government guaranteed it would buy treatments in bulk, but funding for that program has not been extended by Congress. Other omicron subvariants on the horizon include BJ.1, BA.2.3.20, BN.1, and XBB, all descendants of BA.2.

It’s hard to predict whether an omicron subvariant or yet another variant will come to dominate this winter and whether hospitalizations and deaths will again surge in the U.S. Vaccination rates and experience with prior s vary around the world and even within the United States, which means that the different versions of omicron are duking it out on different playing fields. While this might all sound grim, it’s important to remember that erectile dysfunction treatment booster shots can help overcome immune evasion by the predominant omicron subvariants. 5. What about long erectile dysfunction treatment?.

Getting vaccinated does reduce the risk of getting long erectile dysfunction treatment, but it’s unclear by how much. Researchers don’t know if the only way to prevent long erectile dysfunction treatment is to prevent . Although treatments may curb the risk of , few treatments prevent all or almost all s. Additional measures — such as improving indoor air quality and donning masks — would be needed to reduce the risk of . It’s also not yet known whether prompt treatment with currently available monoclonal antibodies and antiviral drugs like Paxlovid reduces the risk of developing long erectile dysfunction treatment.

6. Do I need a flu shot, too?. The CDC recommends that anyone 6 months of age or older get an annual flu shot. The ideal timing is late October or early November, before the winter holidays and before influenza typically starts spreading in the U.S. Like erectile dysfunction treatment shots, flu shots provide only a couple of months of immunity against and transmission, but an early flu shot is better than no flu shot.

Influenza is already circulating in some parts of the United States. It’s especially important for people 65 or older, pregnant women, people with chronic medical conditions, and children under 5 to get their yearly flu shots because they’re at highest risk of hospitalization and death. Although younger people might be at lower risk for severe flu, they can act as vectors for transmission of influenza to higher-risk people in the community. High-dose flu treatments and “adjuvanted” flu treatments are recommended for people 65 and older. Adjuvants strengthen the immune response to a treatment.

It is safe to get vaccinated for erectile dysfunction treatment and the flu at the same time, but you might experience more side effects like fevers, headache, or body aches. [Correction. This article was updated at 7:15 p.m. ET on Oct. 15, 2022, to distinguish “adjuvanted” flu treatments from high-dose flu treatments.] Céline Gounder.

cgounder@kff.org Related Topics Contact Us Submit a Story Tip.

Colorado could become the second state after Oregon to allow the use of certain visit site psychedelic substances that are illegal under federal kamagra pills online law. But while Oregon voters in 2020 approved the supervised use of psychedelic mushrooms, the citizen initiative on the Colorado ballot in November goes further. Proposition 122 would allow the personal use of psilocybin mushrooms and certain plant-based psychedelic substances by adults 21 and over but would ban sales except kamagra pills online in licensed “healing centers,” where people could ingest them under the supervision of trained facilitators. The psychedelic substances, which can alter a person’s perception and cause hallucinations, are Schedule I controlled substances, which is the federal classification given to drugs deemed to have a high potential for abuse and serve no legitimate medical purpose. However, a kamagra pills online still-developing body of research has found that psychedelic mushrooms may have health benefits, such as treating depression.

As of June, 15 cities and other local U.S. Jurisdictions have decriminalized possession of psilocybin or deprioritized the policing, prosecution, or arrest of users. Denver’s 2019 voter-approved initiative made the adult possession and use of psilocybin mushrooms the kamagra pills online city’s lowest law enforcement priority, and it prohibited the spending of resources on enforcing related penalties. Here are five key things to absorb about the initiative in Colorado. 1.

What does the Colorado initiative do?. Proposition 122 is one of 11 statewide ballot measures that Colorado voters will decide in the Nov. 8 general election. The measure would allow adults to grow, possess, and use mushrooms containing the chemicals psilocybin and psilocin, and decriminalize three plant-based psychedelics. Mescaline (though it specifically excludes the peyote cactus), ibogaine (from the root bark of the iboga tree), and dimethyyptamine (a compound in ayahuasca brew).

It also would require the state to create regulations for facilities where adults 21 and older can buy and take the psychedelics under supervision. Selling the drugs outside of those facilities would remain illegal. The measure sets a timeline for the regulatory process and facilities to be operational by late 2024 for psilocybin, and the state could expand the list of psychedelic substances to include mescaline, ibogaine, and dimethyyptamine in those facilities starting in 2026. If voters approve the initiative, people who use those psychedelics would be protected from professional discipline or losing public benefits, and criminal records of past convictions for offenses made legal under the measure could be sealed. The measure goes beyond the Oregon law voters approved in 2020 allowing people to be treated with one variety of psilocybin, called psilocybe cubensis, in supervised facilities.

In Oregon, no facilities have opened yet and state health officials are still finalizing regulations. 2. What are the potential health benefits?. Supporters’ primary argument for the measure’s passage is that psychedelic mushrooms and plants have potential mental health benefits. Emerging research and clinical trials are studying the substances’ effectiveness as an alternative treatment for conditions such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.

Proponents of the measure say regulation would increase access for people struggling to find effective mental health care. They also say psychedelic mushrooms are not addictive and pose no public safety risk. 3. What are the risks and unknowns?. Opponents caution that the measure is too far ahead of the science, and that the still-developing research should not be used to legitimize the legalization of psychedelic mushrooms and plants for medical or recreational use.

They also point out that much of the research conducted has involved psychedelic mushrooms, and that relatively little is known about the effects of mescaline, ibogaine, and dimethyyptamine. According to officials at the Justice Department’s National Drug Intelligence Center, ingesting psilocybin can produce negative physical effects, such as vomiting, weakness, and lack of coordination, along with negative psychological effects, such as being unable to distinguish fantasy from reality. Psilocybin can trigger episodes of psychosis, so people with a personal or family history of psychosis are generally excluded from studies. Psilocybin can also exacerbate heart conditions. Many people claim that because psilocybin is derived from plants (technically, fungi) it is safer than pharmaceutical drugs created in a lab.

This distinction has no basis. Many plants are poisonous, and many pharmaceutical drugs are derived from natural substances. 4. What does the science say?. Initial studies have found that psilocybin can help treatment-resistant depression or anxiety and depression in patients with terminal illnesses.

While the findings are promising, researchers caution that larger sample sizes and additional research are needed to understand psilocybin’s neurobiological factors and long-term effects. In 2019, the FDA called psilocybin a “breakthrough therapy,” a designation meant to speed up development of promising drugs. No psychedelics have been approved for medical use so far. Of the drugs being considered in the Colorado initiative, psilocybin is the most studied. Clinical trials have tested psilocybin in combination with therapy.

Unlike antidepressants, which must be taken regularly, psilocybin has been shown to have durable treatment effects after just one, two, or three doses. It is unclear whether psilocybin has any health benefits outside the psilocybin-assisted therapy protocols used in clinical studies. Some research findings show that psilocybin-assisted therapy can be useful in treating substance use disorders, including nicotine and alcohol addiction. Clinical trials for mescaline, ibogaine, and dimethyyptamine are still in preliminary stages. 5.

Will this sprout another industry like marijuana?. Because psilocybin is naturally occurring, people tend to assume its path to legalization will follow that of cannabis. However, the compounds have key differences in the way they affect people. Psilocybin is unlikely to win approval as easily as marijuana, which is legal for medical use in 39 states and the District of Columbia. Nineteen of those states and D.C.

Also allow recreational use. The Colorado measure expressly forbids the sale of psychedelics outside of licensed facilities. However, the potential for legalization in the state and elsewhere in the U.S. Has spurred the launch of dozens of companies eager to commercialize the sale and treatment of psilocybin. Some are organizing retreats to Jamaica, Peru, or Mexico, where they conduct ceremonies that reflect the traditional use of psilocybin and other natural psychedelics that date back centuries.

Markian Hawryluk. MarkianH@kff.org, @MarkianHawryluk Related Topics Contact Us Submit a Story Tip[UPDATED on Oct. 15] Last year, the emergence of the highly transmissible omicron variant of the erectile dysfunction treatment kamagra caught many people by surprise and led to a surge in cases that overwhelmed hospitals and drove up fatalities. Now we’re learning that omicron is mutating to better evade the immune system. Omicron-specific treatments were authorized by the FDA in August and are recommended by U.S.

Health officials for anyone 5 or older. Yet only half of adults in the United States have heard much about these booster shots, according to a recent KFF poll, and only a third say they’ve gotten one or plan to get one as soon as possible. In 2020 and 2021, erectile dysfunction treatment cases spiked in the U.S. Between November and February. Although we don’t know for sure that we’ll see another surge this winter, here’s what you should know about erectile dysfunction treatment and the updated boosters to prepare.

1. Do I need a erectile dysfunction treatment booster shot this fall?. If you’ve completed a primary vaccination series and are 50 or older, or if your immune system is compromised, get a erectile dysfunction treatment booster shot as soon as possible. Forty percent of deaths are occurring among people 85 and older and almost 90% among people 65 and over. Although people of all ages are being hospitalized from erectile dysfunction treatment, those hospitalizations are also skewing older.

Unvaccinated people, while in the minority in the U.S., are still at the highest risk of dying from erectile dysfunction treatment. It’s not too late to get vaccinated ahead of this winter season. The United Kingdom, whose erectile dysfunction treatment waves have presaged those in the United States by about a month, is beginning to see another increase in cases. If you’ve already received three or more erectile dysfunction treatment shots, you’re 12 to 49 years old, and you’re not immunocompromised, your risk of hospitalization and death from the disease is significantly reduced and additional boosters are not likely to add much protection. However, getting a booster shot provides a “honeymoon” period for a couple of months after vaccination, during which you’re less likely to get infected and thus less likely to transmit the kamagra to others.

If you’ll be seeing older, immunocompromised, or anonymous otherwise vulnerable family and friends over the winter holidays, you might want to get a booster two to four weeks in advance to better shield them against erectile dysfunction treatment. You may have other reasons for wanting to avoid , like not wanting to have to stay home from work because you or your child is sick with erectile dysfunction treatment. Even if you aren’t hospitalized from erectile dysfunction treatment, it can be costly to lose wages or arrange for backup child care. One major caveat to these recommendations. You should wait four to six months after your last erectile dysfunction treatment or vaccination before getting another shot.

A dose administered too soon will be less effective because antibodies from the previous or vaccination will still be circulating in your blood and will prevent your immune cells from seeing and responding to vaccination. 2. Do kids need to be vaccinated even if they’ve had erectile dysfunction treatment?. Although children are at lower risk for severe erectile dysfunction treatment than are adults, the stakes for kids are higher than many diseases already recognized as dangerous. Their risk shouldn’t be measured against the risk that erectile dysfunction treatment poses to other age groups but against the risk they face from other preventable diseases.

In the first two years of the kamagra, erectile dysfunction treatment was the fourth- or fifth-leading cause of death in every five-year age bracket from birth to 19, killing almost 1,500 children and teenagers. Other treatment-preventable diseases like chickenpox, rubella, and rotakamagra killed an average of about 20-50 children and teens a year before treatments became available. By that measure, vaccinating kids against erectile dysfunction treatment is a slam-dunk. Children who have had erectile dysfunction treatment also benefit from vaccination. The treatment reduces their risk of hospitalization and missing days of school, when parents might need to stay home with them.

But it’s precisely because the stakes are higher for kids that many parents are anxious about getting their children vaccinated. As recently as July, just after the FDA authorized erectile dysfunction treatments for children as young as 6 months, a KFF poll found that over half of parents of children under age 5 said they thought treatments posed a greater risk to the health of their child than getting the disease. And in the most recent poll, half said they had no plans to get their children vaccinated. erectile dysfunction treatment vaccination rates range from 61% among children ages 12 to 17 to 2% among kids younger than 2. Similar to influenza, erectile dysfunction treatment is most deadly for the very youngest and oldest.

At especially high risk are infants. They’re unlikely to have immunity from , and a small share have been vaccinated. Unless their mothers were vaccinated during pregnancy or got erectile dysfunction treatment during pregnancy — the latter of which poses a high risk of death for the mother and of preterm birth for the baby — infants are probably not getting protective antibodies against erectile dysfunction treatment through breast milk. And because infants have small airways and weaker coughs, they’re more likely to have trouble breathing with any respiratory , even one less deadly than erectile dysfunction treatment. 3.

Will I need a erectile dysfunction treatment shot every year?. It depends on the targets set by public health officials whether erectile dysfunction treatment becomes a seasonal kamagra like the flu, and how much the kamagra continues to mutate and evade humanity’s immune defenses. If the goal of vaccination is to prevent severe disease, hospitalization, and death, then many people will be well protected after their primary vaccination series and may not need additional shots. Public health officials might strongly recommend boosters for older and immunocompromised people while leaving the choice of whether to get boosted to those with lower risk. If the goal of vaccination is to prevent and transmission, then repeat boosters will be needed after completing the primary vaccination series and as often as a couple of times a year.

Influenza is a seasonal kamagra causing s and disease generally in the winter, but scientists don’t know whether erectile dysfunction treatment will settle into a similar, predictable pattern. In the first three years of the kamagra, the United States has experienced waves of in summer. But if the erectile dysfunction treatment kamagra were to become a wintertime kamagra, public health officials might recommend yearly boosters. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that people 6 months and older get a flu shot every year with very rare exceptions. However, as with the flu, public health officials might still place a special emphasis on vaccinating high-risk people against erectile dysfunction treatment.

And the more the kamagra mutates, the more often public health officials may recommend boosting to overcome a new variant’s immune evasion. Unfortunately, this year’s updated omicron booster doesn’t appear to provide significantly better protection than the original boosters. Scientists are working on variant-proof treatments that could retain their potency in the face of new variants. 4. Are more erectile dysfunction treatment variants on the way?.

The omicron variant has burst into an alphabet soup of subvariants. The BA.5 variant that surfaced earlier this year remains the dominant variant in the U.S., but the BA.4.6 omicron subvariant may be poised to become dominant in the United States. It now accounts for 14% of cases and is rising. The BA.4.6 omicron subvariant is better than BA.5 at dodging people’s immune defenses from both prior and vaccination. In other parts of the world, BA.4.6 has been overtaken by BA.2.75 and BF.7 (a descendant of BA.5), which respectively account for fewer than 2% and 5% of erectile dysfunction treatment cases in the U.S.

The BA.2.75.2 omicron subvariant drove a wave of s in South Asia in July and August. Although the U.S. Hasn’t yet seen much in the way of another variant descended from BA.5 — BQ.1.1 — it is rising quickly in other countries like the U.K., Belgium, and Denmark. The BA.2.75.2 and BQ.1.1 variants may be the most immune-evasive omicron subvariants to date. BA.4.6, BA.2.75.2, and BQ.1.1 all evade Evusheld, the monoclonal antibody used to prevent erectile dysfunction treatment in immunocompromised people who don’t respond as well to vaccination.

Although another medication, bebtelovimab, remains active in treating erectile dysfunction treatment from BA.4.6 and BA.2.75.2, it’s ineffective against BQ.1.1. Many scientists are worried that Evusheld will become useless by November or December. This is concerning because the pipeline for new antiviral pills and monoclonal antibodies to treat erectile dysfunction treatment is running dry without a guaranteed purchaser to ensure a market. In the past, the federal government guaranteed it would buy treatments in bulk, but funding for that program has not been extended by Congress. Other omicron subvariants on the horizon include BJ.1, BA.2.3.20, BN.1, and XBB, all descendants of BA.2.

It’s hard to predict whether an omicron subvariant or yet another variant will come to dominate this winter and whether hospitalizations and deaths will again surge in the U.S. Vaccination rates and experience with prior s vary around the world and even within the United States, which means that the different versions of omicron are duking it out on different playing fields. While this might all sound grim, it’s important to remember that erectile dysfunction treatment booster shots can help overcome immune evasion by the predominant omicron subvariants. 5. What about long erectile dysfunction treatment?.

Getting vaccinated does reduce the risk of getting long erectile dysfunction treatment, but it’s unclear by how much. Researchers don’t know if the only way to prevent long erectile dysfunction treatment is to prevent . Although treatments may curb the risk of , few treatments prevent all or almost all s. Additional measures — such as improving indoor air quality and donning masks — would be needed to reduce the risk of . It’s also not yet known whether prompt treatment with currently available monoclonal antibodies and antiviral drugs like Paxlovid reduces the risk of developing long erectile dysfunction treatment.

6. Do I need a flu shot, too?. The CDC recommends that anyone 6 months of age or older get an annual flu shot. The ideal timing is late October or early November, before the winter holidays and before influenza typically starts spreading in the U.S. Like erectile dysfunction treatment shots, flu shots provide only a couple of months of immunity against and transmission, but an early flu shot is better than no flu shot.

Influenza is already circulating in some parts of the United States. It’s especially important for people 65 or older, pregnant women, people with chronic medical conditions, and children under 5 to get their yearly flu shots because they’re at highest risk of hospitalization and death. Although younger people might be at lower risk for severe flu, they can act as vectors for transmission of influenza to higher-risk people in the community. High-dose flu treatments and “adjuvanted” flu treatments are recommended for people 65 and older. Adjuvants strengthen the immune response to a treatment.

It is safe to get vaccinated for erectile dysfunction treatment and the flu at the same time, but you might experience more side effects like fevers, headache, or body aches. [Correction. This article was updated at 7:15 p.m. ET on Oct. 15, 2022, to distinguish “adjuvanted” flu treatments from high-dose flu treatments.] Céline Gounder.

cgounder@kff.org Related Topics Contact Us Submit a Story Tip.

Kamagra gold forum

Long erectile dysfunction treatment — illness kamagra gold forum that persists for weeks or months after with erectile dysfunction — has proved difficult to study, not least because the array of symptoms makes it hard how to get kamagra over the counter to define. Even finding out how common it is has been challenging. Some studies have suggested that it occurs in as many as 30% of people infected with the kamagra. But a kamagra gold forum November study of about 4.5 million people treated at US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals suggests that the number is 7% overall and lower than that for those who were not hospitalized.

Another mystery has been whether long erectile dysfunction treatment is less likely to occur after a breakthrough — one in a person who has been vaccinated. In a 25 May study in Nature Medicine, nephrologist Ziyad Al-Aly at VA Saint Louis Health Care System in St Louis, Missouri, and his colleagues — the same team that authored the November study — looked at VA health records from January to December 2021, including those of about 34,000 vaccinated people who had breakthrough erectile dysfunction s, 113,000 people who had been infected but not vaccinated and more than 13 million people who had not been infected. Chinks in the armour The researchers found that vaccination seemed to reduce the likelihood of long erectile dysfunction treatment in people who had been infected by kamagra gold forum only about 15%. That’s in contrast to previous, smaller studies, which have found much higher protection rates.

It’s also a departure from another large study, which analysed self-reported data from 1.2 million UK smartphone users and found that two doses of a erectile dysfunction treatment halved the risk of long erectile dysfunction treatment. The authors of the latest study also compared symptoms such as brain fog and fatigue in vaccinated and unvaccinated people for up to six months after they tested positive for erectile dysfunction kamagra gold forum. The team found no difference in type or severity of symptoms between those who had been vaccinated and those who had not. €œThose same fingerprints we see in people who have breakthrough s,” Al-Aly says.

There have been more than 83 kamagra gold forum million erectile dysfunction treatment s in the United States alone, he notes. If even a small percentage of those turn into long erectile dysfunction treatment, “that’s a staggeringly high number of people affected by a disease that remains mysterious”. The limited protection provided by treatments means that withdrawing measures such as mask mandates and social-distancing restrictions might be putting more people at risk — particularly those with compromised immune systems. €œWe’re literally solely reliant, now almost exclusively, on the kamagra gold forum treatment to protect us and to protect the public,” says Al-Aly.

€œNow we’re saying it’s only going to protect you 15%. You remain vulnerable, and extraordinarily so.” “Generally speaking, this is horrifying,” says David Putrino, a physical therapist at Mount Sinai Health System in New York City who studies long erectile dysfunction treatment. He praises kamagra gold forum the study, which was difficult to perform because of the amount and quality of data, but adds that it is limited because it does not break the data down by key factors, such as the participants’ medical history. €œThese are very important questions we need answers to,” Putrino says.

€œWe don’t have any really well constructed studies just yet.” Another Omicron unknown Steven Deeks, an HIV researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, points out that the study includes no data from people infected during the period when the Omicron variant was causing the majority of s. €œWe have no data on whether Omicron causes long erectile dysfunction treatment,” he says kamagra gold forum. The findings, he adds, “apply to a kamagra that has changed dramatically”. However, Deeks adds, the results do point to the need for more research on long erectile dysfunction treatment, and for accelerated development of therapies.

€œWe don’t have a kamagra gold forum definition, we don’t have a biomarker, we don’t have an imaging test, a mechanism or a treatment,” he says. €œWe just have questions.” This article is reproduced with permission and was first published on May 25 2022.NONFICTION The Greatest Polar Expedition of All Time. The Arctic Mission to the Epicenter of Climate Changeby Markus Rex, translated by Sarah PybusGreystone Books, 2022 ($28.95) On October 4, 2019, the Polarstern, a German icebreaker the length of a football field, sidled up to a thick ice floe above the Arctic Circle and turned off its engines. Soon the kamagra gold forum sun would set for months.

The remaining open ocean around the boat would ice over, and three million square miles of liquid would turn solid in the span of a few short weeks. Were you to have peered down on the ship then, it would have looked like an almond lodged in a bar of white chocolate the size of Australia. Dig into the fine print of our most complex global climate models, kamagra gold forum and you’ll discover that we have next to no observational data from the high Arctic in winter. We know the region is warming faster than any other place on the planet, but what that means for future weather patterns, sea level, storm intensity, biodiversity (the list goes on and on) remains achingly unclear.

There is growing concern, however, that estimates of just how bad it could get, and when, are too conservative. Enter MOSAiC or, as Markus Rex, the mission’s leader, calls it (and, no, his tongue is not planted firmly in his kamagra gold forum cheek), “The Greatest Polar Expedition of All Time.” On the surface, the plan behind MOSAiC is simple enough. Allow the Transpolar Drift, a kind of conveyor belt that moves ice across the ice cap, to carry the Polarstern straight through the center of the Arctic during the long polar night. By getting “trapped” in the floe, those onboard will be able to assemble a unique data set.

They will record during a single calendar year what goes on in the ocean, in the air, and on the ice (where those two systems meet), creating a holistic profile of the processes that drive the birth and death kamagra gold forum of sea ice. From this information, scientists will “create a more robust model of the Arctic climate system,” Rex writes. If all of this is starting to sound a bit wonky, that’s because The Greatest Polar Expedition of All Time is written by an atmospheric scientist rather than a nature essayist like Barry Lopez or a climate novelist like Ashley Shelby, whose 2017 book South Pole Station explores the way community is forged (and tested) by isolation and ice. There are no characters (beyond kamagra gold forum the author) and no conversations between those people he resides alongside.

The book reads more like a ship log than it does a piece of literary reportage. If you’ve ever wondered what it is like to gather the information on which the IPCC reports are built, this is your front-row seat. The series of dated entries is dense with the particular drama of conducting state-of-the-art science in a place where satellites don’t reach and there’s nowhere to refuel (be it with candy kamagra gold forum or combustibles) when the supplies run low. As someone who has lived on a research icebreaker (and is currently at work on a book about the experience), I took great pleasure in reading the details of day-to-day activities.

On the Polarstern, even the most mundane tasks require planning, patience and ingenuity to execute. How does kamagra gold forum one way-find on a giant slab of ice that is drifting steadily through complete darkness?. Invent a coordinate system where the ship’s bow—the single most important reference point in this Seussian landscape—serves as the axis around which everything else is oriented. Want to leave the boat?.

Bring an armed polar-bear guard, an emergency survival kamagra gold forum kit and at least two backup headlamps. Searching for souvenirs?. Make them yourself, by suspending oversized ice crystals in hardened acrylic lifted from the machine room. The expedition has five phases, with crew and scientists cycling on and off the boat, making its leader into kamagra gold forum the one reliable human through line.

Rex’s voice is endearing and antiquated in turns. There is no bluster, no boasting, no chest puffing here, just a genuinely enthusiastic scientist overseeing a season of fieldwork that has taken a lifetime to prepare. Yet in the context kamagra gold forum of writing a climate book for a wide audience (versus an academic paper slated for peer review), his passion for data collection blinkers him to how polar narratives, including his own, uphold many of the historic power imbalances that have both created the climate crisis and impeded our ability to act. Omission plagues the polar canon, and this book is no exception.

Women rarely appear, let alone speak. Indigenous peoples serve as set pieces as kamagra gold forum opposed to residents with invaluable knowledge that interlopers lack. And those whose maintenance work makes these complex logistical endeavors possible—in the form of cooking, cleaning and caring for the ship and its expedition members—lurk in the subtext, offstage. In the century since the “Heroic Age of Polar Exploration,” Earth’s operating system has changed in myriad and troubling ways, as a direct result of the imperialist logic that drove those men poleward in search of fame and fortune.

Yet the stories carried back from the places where these changes are most profoundly felt kamagra gold forum hasn’t evolved at the same stunning clip. The tales we often celebrate showcase bearded gentlemen with lofty educations (in this case, a doctorate from the Freie Universität Berlin) boldly going where no one has gone before to achieve the seemingly unthinkable. Blessedly, there are exceptions. Bathsheba Demuth’s Floating Coast, kamagra gold forum which recasts the Arctic as an inhabited region of ecological plenitude.

Or Joan Naviyuk Kane’s Hyperboreal, a lyrical investigation of loss and continuity on King Island, the author’s ancestral home, from which her family was forcibly removed by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Or Mat Johnson’s satirical novel Pym, a wildly subversive investigation of the racial ideologies that shape polar storytelling. The most surprising moment in The Greatest Polar Expedition of All kamagra gold forum Time comes about two thirds of the way through, when the kamagra threatens to end the mission early. MOSAiC is an inherently international collaboration, with 20 nations participating, but as borders close and the icebreakers that were supposed to support the ship are sent home, the Polarstern just keeps drifting.

All the meticulously laid plans—for refueling, personnel changes, refilling of the refrigerator stores—must be reimagined and fast. The only vessels that are eventually permitted to kamagra gold forum assist hail from the same country as the ship itself, suggesting in times of crisis (a marker with which we are certain to become more familiar in the future) global collaboration will become increasingly difficult to summon rather than easier. At some level this is something we already know to be true, having all lived through the early kamagra ourselves. But it is still unsettling to hear that of the more than 80 different institutions involved in MOSAiC, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research is the only one able to provide the aid necessary to save this unprecedented mission.

Once the obstacles posed by the kamagra have been overcome, life on the Polarstern returns to kamagra gold forum “normal” rather quickly. Turbulence sensors are deployed, ice cores extracted, seismic measurements collected. Then the ice Rex and his team have lived alongside for nearly a year melts, and everyone goes home. Almost as if nothing has changed kamagra gold forum at all.

€”Elizabeth Rush Elizabeth Rush is author of Rising. Dispatches from the New American Shore (Milkweed, 2018), which was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in General Nonfiction. She teaches creative nonfiction at kamagra gold forum Brown University. IN BRIEF Scent.

A Natural History of Fragranceby Elise Vernon Pearlstine, illustrated by Lara Call GastingerYale University Press, 2022 ($28) Reading Scent feels like going on a meandering nature walk through the history and science of fragrance, guided by a wildlife biologist turned natural perfumer. Within a single sentence, author Elise Vernon Pearlstine writes that incense “rises to the heavens to carry messages to the gods” and “pretty much always involves kamagra gold forum sesquiterpenes.” Conjuring sights and sounds from text is difficult enough, but Scent delivers on its title in a way that Smell-O-Vision merely wishes it could do. Despite the occasional pitfall (describing multiple fragrant subjects as “mysterious” and “exotic”), the book is an evocative journey that awakens one’s curiosity to an oft-forgotten sense. €”Dana Dunham The Red Arrow.

A Novelby William BrewerKnopf, 2022 ($27) The Red Arrow is somehow kamagra gold forum both a harrowing depiction of depression and a laugh-out-loud mystery about physics, psychedelics and the publishing industry. It opens on a Frecciarossa (“red arrow”) train in Italy, where an unnamed American writer is searching for a missing physicist whose memoir he is ghostwriting to get out of debt. After years of fighting suicidal depression that he calls “the Mist,” an experimental treatment with psilocybin mushrooms has set his life on an entirely new course—as long as he can find who he is looking for. At turns delightful and demanding, William Brewer’s debut novel is a serpentine ride that kamagra gold forum culminates in a moving encounter between art and science.

€”Adam Morgan Embrace Fearlessly the Burning Worldby Barry LopezRandom House, 2022 ($28) This posthumously published collection of essays by nature writer Barry Lopez reveals an exceptional life and mind. Organized thematically, the essays center on Lopez’s abiding love for the environment and his extraordinarily fine-tuned sense of place. He writes deeply nuanced reflections on locations as disparate as Antarctica and California’s San Fernando Valley, interlaced with gentle meditations on art, travel, friendship, family and searing personal trauma.

Long erectile dysfunction treatment — illness that persists for weeks or months after with erectile dysfunction — has kamagra pills online proved difficult to study, not least because the array of symptoms makes it hard to define. Even finding out how common it is has been challenging. Some studies have suggested that it occurs in as many as 30% of people infected with the kamagra.

But a November kamagra pills online study of about 4.5 million people treated at US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals suggests that the number is 7% overall and lower than that for those who were not hospitalized. Another mystery has been whether long erectile dysfunction treatment is less likely to occur after a breakthrough — one in a person who has been vaccinated. In a 25 May study in Nature Medicine, nephrologist Ziyad Al-Aly at VA Saint Louis Health Care System in St Louis, Missouri, and his colleagues — the same team that authored the November study — looked at VA health records from January to December 2021, including those of about 34,000 vaccinated people who had breakthrough erectile dysfunction s, 113,000 people who had been infected but not vaccinated and more than 13 million people who had not been infected.

Chinks in the armour The researchers found that vaccination seemed to reduce kamagra pills online the likelihood of long erectile dysfunction treatment in people who had been infected by only about 15%. That’s in contrast to previous, smaller studies, which have found much higher protection rates. It’s also a departure from another large study, which analysed self-reported data from 1.2 million UK smartphone users and found that two doses of a erectile dysfunction treatment halved the risk of long erectile dysfunction treatment.

The authors of the latest study also compared symptoms such as brain fog and fatigue in vaccinated and unvaccinated people kamagra pills online for up to six months after they tested positive for erectile dysfunction. The team found no difference in type or severity of symptoms between those who had been vaccinated and those who had not. €œThose same fingerprints we see in people who have breakthrough s,” Al-Aly says.

There have been more than 83 million erectile dysfunction treatment s in kamagra pills online the United States alone, he notes. If even a small percentage of those turn into long erectile dysfunction treatment, “that’s a staggeringly high number of people affected by a disease that remains mysterious”. The limited protection provided by treatments means that withdrawing measures such as mask mandates and social-distancing restrictions might be putting more people at risk — particularly those with compromised immune systems.

€œWe’re literally solely reliant, now almost exclusively, on the treatment to protect us and to protect the public,” says Al-Aly kamagra pills online. €œNow we’re saying it’s only going to protect you 15%. You remain vulnerable, and extraordinarily so.” “Generally speaking, this is horrifying,” says David Putrino, a physical therapist at Mount Sinai Health System in New York City who studies long erectile dysfunction treatment.

He praises the study, which was difficult to perform because of the amount and quality kamagra pills online of data, but adds that it is limited because it does not break the data down by key factors, such as the participants’ medical history. €œThese are very important questions we need answers to,” Putrino says. €œWe don’t have any really well constructed studies just yet.” Another Omicron unknown Steven Deeks, an HIV researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, points out that the study includes no data from people infected during the period when the Omicron variant was causing the majority of s.

€œWe have kamagra pills online no data on whether Omicron causes long erectile dysfunction treatment,” he says. The findings, he adds, “apply to a kamagra that has changed dramatically”. However, Deeks adds, the results do point to the need for more research on long erectile dysfunction treatment, and for accelerated development of therapies.

€œWe don’t have a definition, we don’t have a biomarker, we don’t have an imaging test, a mechanism or kamagra pills online a treatment,” he says. €œWe just have questions.” This article is reproduced with permission and was first published on May 25 2022.NONFICTION The Greatest Polar Expedition of All Time. The Arctic Mission to the Epicenter of Climate Changeby Markus Rex, translated by Sarah PybusGreystone Books, 2022 ($28.95) On October 4, 2019, the Polarstern, a German icebreaker the length of a football field, sidled up to a thick ice floe above the Arctic Circle and turned off its engines.

Soon the kamagra pills online sun would set for months. The remaining open ocean around the boat would ice over, and three million square miles of liquid would turn solid in the span of a few short weeks. Were you to have peered down on the ship then, it would have looked like an almond lodged in a bar of white chocolate the size of Australia.

Dig into the fine print of our most complex global climate models, and you’ll discover that we kamagra pills online have next to no observational data from the high Arctic in winter. We know the region is warming faster than any other place on the planet, but what that means for future weather patterns, sea level, storm intensity, biodiversity (the list goes on and on) remains achingly unclear. There is growing concern, however, that estimates of just how bad it could get, and when, are too conservative.

Enter MOSAiC or, as Markus Rex, the kamagra pills online mission’s leader, calls it (and, no, his tongue is not planted firmly in his cheek), “The Greatest Polar Expedition of All Time.” On the surface, the plan behind MOSAiC is simple enough. Allow the Transpolar Drift, a kind of conveyor belt that moves ice across the ice cap, to carry the Polarstern straight through the center of the Arctic during the long polar night. By getting “trapped” in the floe, those onboard will be able to assemble a unique data set.

They will record during a single calendar year what goes on in kamagra pills online the ocean, in the air, and on the ice (where those two systems meet), creating a holistic profile of the processes that drive the birth and death of sea ice. From this information, scientists will “create a more robust model of the Arctic climate system,” Rex writes. If all of this is starting to sound a bit wonky, that’s because The Greatest Polar Expedition of All Time is written by an atmospheric scientist rather than a nature essayist like Barry Lopez or a climate novelist like Ashley Shelby, whose 2017 book South Pole Station explores the way community is forged (and tested) by isolation and ice.

There are no characters (beyond the author) and kamagra pills online no conversations between those people he resides alongside. The book reads more like a ship log than it does a piece of literary reportage. If you’ve ever wondered what it is like to gather the information on which the IPCC reports are built, this is your front-row seat.

The series of dated entries is dense with the particular drama of conducting state-of-the-art science in a place where satellites don’t reach and there’s nowhere to refuel (be it with candy or combustibles) kamagra pills online when the supplies run low. As someone who has lived on a research icebreaker (and is currently at work on a book about the experience), I took great pleasure in reading the details of day-to-day activities. On the Polarstern, even the most mundane tasks require planning, patience and ingenuity to execute.

How does one way-find on a giant slab of ice that is kamagra pills online drifting steadily through complete darkness?. Invent a coordinate system where the ship’s bow—the single most important reference point in this Seussian landscape—serves as the axis around which everything else is oriented. Want to leave the boat?.

Bring an armed polar-bear guard, an kamagra pills online emergency survival kit and at least two backup headlamps. Searching for souvenirs?. Make them yourself, by suspending oversized ice crystals in hardened acrylic lifted from the machine room.

The expedition has five phases, with crew and scientists kamagra pills online cycling on and off the boat, making its leader into the one reliable human through line. Rex’s voice is endearing and antiquated in turns. There is no bluster, no boasting, no chest puffing here, just a genuinely enthusiastic scientist overseeing a season of fieldwork that has taken a lifetime to prepare.

Yet in the context of writing a climate book for a wide audience (versus an academic paper slated for peer review), his passion for data collection blinkers him to how polar narratives, including his own, uphold many of the historic power imbalances that have both created the kamagra pills online climate crisis and impeded our ability to act. Omission plagues the polar canon, and this book is no exception. Women rarely appear, let alone speak.

Indigenous peoples serve as set pieces as opposed to residents with invaluable knowledge kamagra pills online that interlopers lack. And those whose maintenance work makes these complex logistical endeavors possible—in the form of cooking, cleaning and caring for the ship and its expedition members—lurk in the subtext, offstage. In the century since the “Heroic Age of Polar Exploration,” Earth’s operating system has changed in myriad and troubling ways, as a direct result of the imperialist logic that drove those men poleward in search of fame and fortune.

Yet the stories carried back from the places where these kamagra pills online changes are most profoundly felt hasn’t evolved at the same stunning clip. The tales we often celebrate showcase bearded gentlemen with lofty educations (in this case, a doctorate from the Freie Universität Berlin) boldly going where no one has gone before to achieve the seemingly unthinkable. Blessedly, there are exceptions.

Bathsheba Demuth’s Floating Coast, kamagra pills online which recasts the Arctic as an inhabited region of ecological plenitude. Or Joan Naviyuk Kane’s Hyperboreal, a lyrical investigation of loss and continuity on King Island, the author’s ancestral home, from which her family was forcibly removed by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Or Mat Johnson’s satirical novel Pym, a wildly subversive investigation of the racial ideologies that shape polar storytelling.

The most surprising kamagra pills online moment in The Greatest Polar Expedition of All Time comes about two thirds of the way through, when the kamagra threatens to end the mission early. MOSAiC is an inherently international collaboration, with 20 nations participating, but as borders close and the icebreakers that were supposed to support the ship are sent home, the Polarstern just keeps drifting. All the meticulously laid plans—for refueling, personnel changes, refilling of the refrigerator stores—must be reimagined and fast.

The only vessels that kamagra pills online are eventually permitted to assist hail from the same country as the ship itself, suggesting in times of crisis (a marker with which we are certain to become more familiar in the future) global collaboration will become increasingly difficult to summon rather than easier. At some level this is something we already know to be true, having all lived through the early kamagra ourselves. But it is still unsettling to hear that of the more than 80 different institutions involved in MOSAiC, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research is the only one able to provide the aid necessary to save this unprecedented mission.

Once the obstacles posed by the kamagra have been overcome, life on the Polarstern returns to “normal” kamagra pills online rather quickly. Turbulence sensors are deployed, ice cores extracted, seismic measurements collected. Then the ice Rex and his team have lived alongside for nearly a year melts, and everyone goes home.

Almost as if nothing has changed kamagra pills online at all. €”Elizabeth Rush Elizabeth Rush is author of Rising. Dispatches from the New American Shore (Milkweed, 2018), which was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in General Nonfiction.

She teaches creative nonfiction kamagra pills online at Brown University. IN BRIEF Scent. A Natural History of Fragranceby Elise Vernon Pearlstine, illustrated by Lara Call GastingerYale University Press, 2022 ($28) Reading Scent feels like going on a meandering nature walk through the history and science of fragrance, guided by a wildlife biologist turned natural perfumer.

Within a single sentence, author Elise Vernon kamagra pills online Pearlstine writes that incense “rises to the heavens to carry messages to the gods” and “pretty much always involves sesquiterpenes.” Conjuring sights and sounds from text is difficult enough, but Scent delivers on its title in a way that Smell-O-Vision merely wishes it could do. Despite the occasional pitfall (describing multiple fragrant subjects as “mysterious” and “exotic”), the book is an evocative journey that awakens one’s curiosity to an oft-forgotten sense. €”Dana Dunham The Red Arrow.

A Novelby William BrewerKnopf, 2022 ($27) The Red Arrow is somehow both a harrowing depiction of depression and kamagra pills online a laugh-out-loud mystery about physics, psychedelics and the publishing industry. It opens on a Frecciarossa (“red arrow”) train in Italy, where an unnamed American writer is searching for a missing physicist whose memoir he is ghostwriting to get out of debt. After years of fighting suicidal depression that he calls “the Mist,” an experimental treatment with psilocybin mushrooms has set his life on an entirely new course—as long as he can find who he is looking for.

At turns delightful and demanding, William Brewer’s debut novel is a serpentine ride that culminates in a moving encounter between kamagra pills online art and science. €”Adam Morgan Embrace Fearlessly the Burning Worldby Barry LopezRandom House, 2022 ($28) This posthumously published collection of essays by nature writer Barry Lopez reveals an exceptional life and mind. Organized thematically, the essays center on Lopez’s abiding love for the environment and his extraordinarily fine-tuned sense of place.

He writes deeply nuanced reflections on locations as disparate as Antarctica and California’s San Fernando Valley, interlaced with gentle meditations on art, travel, friendship, family and searing personal trauma.